Liquid crystal stereoscopic viewer

• US 4,021,846 A
• Filed: 09/25/1972
• Issued: 05/03/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 09/25/1972
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Roese, John A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Britton, Howard W.
• Application Number:
  US05/292,201
• Time in Patent Office: 1,681 Days
• Field of Search: 350/150, 350/160 LC, 350/269, 350/132, 350/133, 250/272, 250/331, 325/36, 325/66, 343/225, 352/57, 352/63, 358/92, 178/6.5
• US Class Current: 348/57
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1313 specially adapted for a particular application
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/341 using temporal multiplexing

Abstract

An optical device, useful for three-dimensional stereo viewing not requir any mechanical shuttering, including two liquid crystal lenses, each comprising: (1) a thin layer of liquid crystal material, preferably nematic liquid crystal; (2) two plates of conductively-coated transparent material enclosing the liquid crystal, each plate being connectable to a source of voltage, and each plate being insulated from the other; (3) a front polarizing sheet forming the outside surface of the crystal lens; and (4) a rear polarizing sheet forming the inner surface of the crystal lens. The axes of polarization of the front and rear polarizing sheets are at right angles to each other, with the result that maximum light transmission through each of the lenses occurs when no voltage is applied across the conductively-coated plates, and minimum light transmission occurs when a voltage is applied across the coated plates.

Claims

1. An optical device, useful for three-dimensional stereo viewing not requiring any mechanical shuttering, comprising:

two liquid crystal lenses, each comprising;

a thin layer of liquid crystal material;

two plates of conductively-coated transparent material enclosing the liquid crystal, each plate being connectable to a source of voltage, and each plate being insulated from the other;

a front polarizing sheet forming the outside surface of the crystal lens; and

a rear polarizing sheet forming the inner surface of the crystal lens;

the axis of polarization of the front polarizing sheet being at an angle to the axis of polarization of the rear polarizing sheet.

2. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein:

the liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal.

3. The optical device according to claim 2, wherein

the axes of polarization of the front and rear polarizing sheets are at right angles to each other;

with the result that maximum light transmission through each of the lenses occurs when no voltage is applied across the conductively-coated plates, and minimum light transmission occurs when a voltage is applied across the coated plates.

4. The optical device according to claim 2, wherein

the axes of polarization of the front and rear polarizing sheets are parallel to each other;

with the result that maximum light transmission through each of the lenses occurs when a voltage is applied across the conductively-coated plates, and minimum light transmission occurs when no voltage is applied across the plates.

5. The optical device according to claim 3, further comprising:

a frame for supporting the optical device, the frame being capable of being mounted to the head of an observer for hand-free use.

6. The optical device according to claim 5, further comprising:

a voltage source.

7. The optical device according to claim 6, wherein

the voltage source includes a control means for alternately and successively applying a voltage to each lens, the left and the right;

so that if left and right stereo pictures are alternately and successively displayed in synchronism with the application of the voltage to the lenses, three-dimensional stereo viewing results.

8. A stereoscopic apparatus comprising:

a stereopair reproducing means for displaying right-eyed and left-eyed pictures of stereopairs alternately on its screen at short alternate time intervals;

a synchronizing signal generator associated with said stereopair reproducing means and generating synchronizing signals in synchronism with alternation of said right-eyed and left-eyed pictures;

at least one viewer comprising a pair of liquid crystal filters, each of said filters being adapted to cover the right and left eyes of an observer, respectively, each filter having at least one layer of liquid crystal held in the form of a film and at least one set of transparent electrodes, the transparency of said liquid crystal filters being dependent upon the electric field intensity generated by said electrodes; and

at least one viewer controller receiving said synchronizing signals generated by said synchronizing signal generator and controlling the power applied to said electrodes to thereby vary the electric field and the transparency of said liquid crystal filters such that a pair of said liquid crystal filters covering the right and left eyes respectively of an observer alternately exchange transparency and translucency in synchronism with each other and in synchronism with alternation of said right-eyed and left-eyed pictures being displayed by said stereopair reproducing means.

9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said synchronizing signals are coupled to said at least one viewer controller by means of wires connecting said synchronizing signal generator to said at least one viewer controller.

10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said synchronizing signal generator includes a radio transmitter and said viewer controllers include a radio receiver, said synchronizing signals being coupled to said at least one viewer controlled by means of radio.

11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said synchronizing signal generator generates synchronizing signals having identical code formats in synchronism with alternation of said right-eyed and left-eyed pictures.

12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said synchronizing signal generator generates a synchronizing signal for exclusive one of the right and left eyes, correspondng to disappearance of the opposite eye picture and persisting until the other eye picture disappears.

13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said viewer controller is at least partially appendant to said stereopair reproducing means.

14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13 wherein said viewer controller is integrated with said synchronizing signal generator.

15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said synchronizing signal generator generates two types of synchronizing signals alternately, signal for the right eye being coupled to the left eye filter and corresponding to disappearance of the left-eyed pictures, and signal for the left eye being coupled to the right eye filter and corresponding to disappearance of the right-eyed pictures.

16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 15 wherein said synchronizing signal for the right eye persists until the right-eyed picture disappears and said synchronizing signal for the left eye persists until the left-eyed picture disappears.

17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said stereopair reproducing means includes a screen on which pictures are reproduced by means of at least one light spot varying its brightness and scanning the screen.

18. Apparatus as claimed in claim 17 wherein said stereopair reproducing means is a television receiver, and wherein said synchronizing signal generator generates synchronizing signals each time said light spot completes scanning one frame.

19. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein each liquid crystal filter of said at least one viewer device further includes at least one pair of transparent plates;

and said at least one layer of liquid crystal being held in the form of film between said pair of transparent plates, the transparency of said liquid crystal film being dependent on the electric field intensity;

said at least one set of transparent electrodes being so arranged to effectively change the electric field intensity to control transparency of said liquid crystal film of the filter.

20. Apparatus as claimed in claim 19 wherein each plate of said pair of transparent plates of said liquid crystal filter has a surface in contact with said liquid crystal film, said contacting surface being coated with electrically conductive and transparent material to form said set of transparent electrodes.

21. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said viewer controller comprises switching circuit for connecting and disconnecting said electrodes of said liquid crystal filters with a power source responsive to said synchronizing signals such that the filter covering the right eye and the other filter covering the left eye of an observer alternately exchange transparency and translucency in synchronism with each other according to the synchronizing signals transmitted from said synchronizing signal generator.

22. Apparatus as claimed in claim 21 wherein said power source is a direct current source.

23. Apparatus as claimed in claim 21 wherein said power source is an alternating current source.