Flow and time proportional sampling system

• US 4,022,059 A
• Filed: 08/15/1974
• Issued: 05/10/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 03/28/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Manning Environmental Corporation
• Original Assignee: Manning Environmental Corporation
• Inventors: Gates, Wendall C., Schontzler, J. Gordon
• Primary Examiner(s): Swisher, S. Clement
• Application Number:
  US05/497,569
• Time in Patent Office: 999 Days
• Field of Search: 73/421 R, 73/421 B, 73/422 TC, 73/215, 73/216, 73/206, 73/198, 33/126.5, 33/126.6, 141/130
• US Class Current: 73/198
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/18 with provision for splitting samples into portions G01N1/12, G01N1/14 take precedence; fraction-collection apparatus for chromatography B01D15/08

Abstract

A sampling system for drawing samples from a fluid flow which is responsive to manual actuation, predetermined increments of flow volume, or predetermined increments of time. The system includes a flow meter and a flow sampler interconnected and physically located in the vicinity of the flow being monitored. The flow meter converts the flow head to flow rate and subsequently to flow volume. The head to flow conversion is mechanical and provides for flow measurement through a flow channel having a given cross section shape over a wide range of shape sizes by means of an electrical adjustment. The flow meter provides for flow measurement through flow channels having varying cross secton shapes by means of selectively engaging a predetermined one of a plurality of cams designed to convert head to flow is being measured. The sampler is electrically connected to the flow meter for use in the sample per flow volume mode and provides for a constant volume sample which is independent of flow head, sampler height above the flow surface, power source voltage level, pumping time or any of the other variables which heretofore affected the sample volume. Automatic sequencing within the sampler provides for purging the system, drawing the sample from the flow, sizing the sample, depositing the sample in a storage container, and purging the sampler intake after storage. Means are provided for depositing a predetermined number of samples in each of a plurality of storage containers, or for utilizing a predetermined number of containers for holding each sample, and for de-energizing the sampler until manually attended after a predetermined number of storage containers have received samples. The automatic internal sampler sequencing is initiated by an input signal which is generated by either a flow or time proportional sensor or manual actuation according to control selection.

Claims

1. In a system of the type described for communication with a fluid

means for measuring a predetermined volume of fluid, said means for measuring including a sample chamber, a level sensor for determining a predetermined fill level in said chamber and mounted outside said chamber, a fill tube member projecting into said chamber having an open end in communication with said chamber in fixed position closely spaced to the lower boundary of said chamber whereby influx and eflux through said open end is unimpeded by suspended solids in the fluid, said fill tube member having an opening in the side thereof spaced above said open end, and means for adjusting said opening in vertical position,

means cooperating between said measuring means and said fluid to provide for transfer of fluid therebetween,

and means for selectively operating said measuring means to purge said measuring means, fill said measuring means, measure said predetermined volume, transfer said predetermined volume, and final purge said measuring means thereby providing sampling of the fluid.

2. A system as in claim 1 together with a positive and negative pressure source and a pressure control valve connected thereto, and wherein said measuring means is connected to said pressure control valve, said means cooperating between said measuring means and said fluid including an intake tube connected to said fill tube member, and wherein said means for selectively operating said measuring means includes timing means programmable to connect said positive and negative pressure source alternately through said pressure control valve to said sample chamber.

3. A system as in claim 1 together with means for providing positive and negative pressure, a pressure control valve in communication with said means for providing pressure and with said measuring means, a sample control valve in communication with said measuring means, means for adjusting the vertical position of said level sensor to assume a position immediately above said opening said fill tube member, and storage means in communication with said sample control valve.

4. A system as in claim 3 wherein said means for selectively operating said measuring means is actuated by an electrical input signal and includes timing means for actuating said pressure control valve for alternately connecting said positive and negative pressure to said means for measuring so that said transfer of said predetermined volume is made to said storage means.

5. A system as in claim 4 together with a flow meter for providing said electrical input signal at predetermined flow volume intervals.

6. A system as in claim 4 together with a clock for providing said electrical input signal and means for selecting said electrical input signal to appear at predetermined intervals of time.

7. A system as in claim 4 together with float actuated switch means for providing said electrical input signal at predetermined flow levels.

8. A system as in claim 5 wherein said flow meter includes means for measuring head in a flow channel, and a mechanical head to flow converter connected to said means for measuring head.

9. A system as in claim 5 together with means for selecting said predetermined flow volumes.

10. A system of the type described in claim 1 together with

means mounted in said measuring means for contacting said predetermined volume of fluid and measuring a predetermined degradable characteristic therein,

and means for recording said degradable characteristic.

11. A system as in claim 10 wherein said means for selectively operating said measuring means to transfer said predetermined volume includes means for delaying said transfer whereby said means for measuring a degradable characteristic is in contact with said volume of fluid for an extended time period so that said degradable characteristic may be accurately measured.

12. A system of the type described in claim 1 together with

means mounted in said measuring means for contacting said predetermined volume of fluid and measuring a predetermined transient characteristic in the fluid.

13. A system of the type described in claim 12 together with

single storage means, means for recording said transient characteristic, and means for communicating said predetermined volume of fluid with said single storage means.

14. A system as in claim 12 wherein said means for selectively operating said measuring means to transfer said predetermined volume includes means for delaying said transfer, whereby said means for measuring a transient characteristic is in contact with said volume of fluid for an extended time period so that said transient characteristic may be accurately measured.

15. A system of the type described in claim 12 together with a plurality of storage means, and means for programming communication of said predetermined volume of fluid with separate ones of said plurality of storage means, whereby said transient characteristics are preserved in said predetermined volume of fluid.

16. In a fluid flow measuring system having a flow sampler actuated by a power source and responsive to an input signal including

a flow meter for providing the input signal,

means connected to the power source for providing positive and negative pressure,

a sample chamber for measuring a predetermined fluid sample volume in communication with said means for providing positive and negative pressure,

a fill sensor for sensing when said sample chamber is filled to a level at least as great as said predetermined sample volume, said fill sensor being located externally of said sample chamber, whereby fouling of said fill sensor by caustic samples or foreign matter therein is prevented,

said fill sensor operating to terminate negative pressure in said sample chamber and to initiate positive pressure therein, thereby expelling fluid through said means for communicating so that the fluid volume in said sample chamber is reduced to said predetermined sample volume,

means for communicating the fluid flow with said sample chamber,

means for storing said predetermined sample volume,

means for transferring said predetermined sample volume from said sample chamber to said means for storing, and timing means for providing a sampling sequence cycle, said timing means connected to said means for providing pressure, said sample chamber, and said means for transferring, whereby said positive and negative pressure is alternately communicated with said sample chamber to purge, fill and measure a sample therein, and to transfer the sample to said means for storing.

17. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 16 wherein said means for storing includes a plurality of containers and said means for transferring communicates with said plurality of containers in sequence, and wherein said timing means includes reset means on completion of a sampling cycle, means for selecting a predetermined number of sampling cycles for each input signal, and means for selecting a predetermined number of samples for transfer to each container.

18. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 17 together with counting means for recording the number of containers to which samples are transferred, said counting means producing an output signal after a predetermined count, said output signal being connected to said timing means for inhibiting said sampling cycle.

19. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 16 wherein said flow meter includes a fluid head sensor, servo means driven by said head sensor, and a mechanical head to flow converter driven by said servo means, said flow meter including an electrical adjustment to said servo means for providing head to flow conversion for channels of a given cross section shape and having various shape sizes.

20. A fluid flow measuring system having a flow sampler actuated by a power source and responsive to an input signal comprising a mechanical head to flow converter including a plurality of cams and cam followers for converting head in flow channels of a plurality of predetermined cross section shapes to flow therein, and means for selecting one of said cams to engage one cam follower, servo means driven by said fluid head sensor, a mechanical head to flow converter driven by said servo means,

means connected to the power source for providing positive and negative pressure,

means for measuring a predetermined fluid sample volume, in communication with said means for providing pressure,

means for communicating the fluid flow with said means for measuring,

means for storing said predetermined sample volume,

means for transferring said predetermined sample volume from said means for measuring to said means for storing, and timing means for providing a sampling sequence cycle, said timing means connected to said means for providing pressure, said means for measuring, and said means for transferring, whereby said positive and negative pressure is alternately communicated with said means for measuring to purge, fill, and measure a sample therein, and to transfer the sample to said means for storing.

21. A fluid flow measuring system comprising a flow sampler responsive to an input signal comprising a framework, compressor means for providing positive and negative pressures at separate pressure ports thereon, a sample chamber mounted on said framework and having upper and lower limits for defining a total volume to be contained therein, means communicating between said sample chamber and the fluid flow, said means communicating including means having a lower portion fixed in position relative to said sample chamber lower limit for depositing the sample influx as close to said lower limit as possible while allowing the suspended solids in said sample to pass, said means fixed in position having an aperture above said lower portion, a pressure control valve in communication with said pressure ports for directing positive and negative pressures alternately to said sample chamber, sample storage means communicating with said sample chamber for receiving samples from said sample chamber, and means for transferring samples from said sample chamber to said sample storage means, a sample control valve disposed in said means for transferring for controlling transfer of fluid samples, a first timer producing a first output signal sequence connected to said pressure control valve, said first output signal sequence operating to actuate said pressure control valve to direct positive pressure and negative pressure to said sample chamber for predetermined periods of time, whereby said chamber is purged and filled through said means communicating between said chamber and the fluid flow, a fill sensor mounted externally on said chamber producing an output signal when said chamber is filled to a level above said aperture, said fill sensor output signal being connected to said pressure control valve for stopping chamber filling prior to the end of said first output sequence, a second timer producing a second output signal sequence connected to said pressure control valve and said sample control valve, said second output signal sequence operating to actuate said pressure control valve to direct positive pressure to said sample chamber to purge the fluid sample through said means communicating with the fluid flow until a predetermined volume of sample remains between said aperture and said lower chamber limit, and to thereafter actuate said sample control valve to an open position for transferring said sample.

22. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 21 together with means for reinitiating said first output signal sequence if said fill sensor output signal is not produced before the end of said first output signal sequence.

23. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 21 together with a third timer producing a third output signal sequence connected to said pressure control valve, said third output signal sequence causing actuation of said pressure control valve to direct positive pressure to said sample chamber for a predetermined time whereby said chamber is purged and said first timer is reset.

24. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 21 together with clock means for providing the input signal, whereby the system is time proportional.

25. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 21 together with a manual switch for providing the input signal.

26. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 21 together with a fluid flow meter for providing the input signal at predetermined total flow intervals whereby the system is flow proportional.

27. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 21 together with a switch for providing an actuation signal serving as the sampler input signal, said switch providing said actuation signal when the surface of a fluid flow is above a predetermined level, whereby the system cyclically samples the fluid flow when the fluid flow surface is above said predetermined level.

28. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 26 wherein said fluid flow meter comprises means for detecting a fluid head in a flow conduit, means for providing an output signal related to said fluid head, a servo control for receiving said signal related to fluid head, a servo motor driven by said servo control, a mechanical head to flow converter driven by said servo motor for converting head to flow in a flow conduit having a given general cross section shape, means for adjusting the gain in said servo control so that said head to flow converter may measure flow in flow conduits having a cross section similar to said given general cross section shape, and means driven by said head to flow converter for providing indication of total flow through the conduit.

29. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 28 together with a plurality of additional mechanical head to flow converters, and means for selecting a predetermined one of said additional head to flow converters for measuring flow in a flow conduit having a corresponding known cross section shape, whereby flow may be measured in a plurality of known flow conduit cross section shapes.

30. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 28 together with a sample interval selector whereby the input to the sampling system is passed thereto only after a predetermined flow quantity has been sensed by said fluid flow meter.

31. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 28 together with a visual level indicator driven by said means for sensing a fluid head, and a time record of flow driven by said mechanical head to flow converter.

32. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 28 together with a percent flow indicator driven by said mechanical head to flow converter.

33. A fluid flow measuring system comprising a flow sampler responsive to an input signal comprising a framework, compressor means for providing positive and negative pressures at separate pressure ports thereon, a sample chamber mounted on said framework and having upper and lower limits for defining a total volume to be contained therein, means communicating between said sample chamber and the fluid flow, said means communicating including means having a lower portion fixed in position relative to said sample chamber lower limit for depositing the sample influx as close to said lower limit as possible while allowing the suspended solids in said sample to pass, said means fixed in position having an aperture above said lower portion, a pressure control valve in communication with said pressure ports for directing positive and negative pressures alternately to said sample chamber, a plurality of storage containers, means for transferring samples from said sample chamber to said plurality of storage containers, a sample control valve disposed in said means for transferring for controlling transfer of fluid samples, rotatable filling means in communication with said sample control valve having an outlet overlying the mouth of one of said plurality of storage containers at a time, means for driving said rotatable fill means through advancing steps for sequentially depositing samples in said plurality of storage containers, and timing means for selectively operating said pressure control valve for filling and purging said sample chamber through said lower portion and said aperture respectively, said sample control valve for transferring said sample, said means for driving said rotatable filling means including a multiple sample multiplex selector for selecting a predetermined number of samples to be deposited cumulatively in each one of said plurality of storage containers.

34. A fluid flow measuring system comprising a flow sampler responsive to an input signal comprising a framework, compressor means for providing positive and negative pressures at separate pressure ports thereon, a sample chamber mounted on said framework and having upper and lower limits for defining a total volume to be contained therein, means communicating between said sample chamber and the fluid flow, said means communicating including means having a lower portion fixed in positive relative to said sample chamber lower limit for depositing the sample influx as close to said lower limit as possible while allowing the suspended solids in said sample to pass, said means fixed in position having an aperture above said lower portion, a pressure control valve in communication with said pressure ports for directing positive and negative pressures alternately to said sample chamber, a plurality of storage containers, means for transferring samples from said sample chamber to said plurality of storage containers, a sample control valve disposed in said means for transferring for controlling transfer of fluid samples, rotatable fill communication with said sample control valve having an outlet overlying the mouth of one of said plurality of storage containers at a time, and means for driving said rotatable fill means through advancing steps for sequentially filling said plurality of storage containers, and timing means for selectively operating said lower portion and said aperture respectively, and said sample control valve for transferring said sample, said means for driving, said rotatable fill means including a multiple container multiplex selector for selecting a predetermined number of samples from said sample chamber to be deposited individually into a like number of storage containers for each input signal.

35. A method of measuring fluid flow through a conduit having a known cross section comprising the steps of sensing the height of the fluid flow upper surface to provide an indication of fluid head, controlling a servo motor relative to the fluid surface height, adjusting the gain of the servo control to provide for a predetermined servo motor rotation for a predetermined maximum relative fluid flow height, converting fluid head to flow, controlling the output of a pulse generator with the flow conversion, accumulating the output of the pulse generator to provide an indication of total flow through the conduit, and feeding back the flow conversion output to the servo motor control for providing a stable servo loop.

36. A method of measuring fluid flow as in claim 35 together with the steps of indicating visually instantaneous relative fluid flow height and flow rate, and recording indication of the total flow.

37. A method of measuring fluid flow as in claim 35 together with the steps of providing a plurality of head to flow conversion selections corresponding to a plurality of general flow conduit cross section shapes, selecting one head to flow conversion according to the specific conduit cross section in use.

38. A method of measuring fluid flow through a flow conduit having a known cross section comprising the steps of sensing the height of the fluid flow upper surface to provide an indication of fluid head, controlling a servo motor relative to the fluid surface height, adjusting the gain of the servo control to provide for a predetermined servo motor rotation for a predetermined maximum relative fluid flow height, converting fluid head to flow, controlling the output of a pulse generator with the flow conversion, accumulating the output of the pulse generator to provide an indication of total flow through the conduit, feeding back the flow conversion output to the servo motor control for providing a stable servo loop, selecting predetermined increments of flow volume through the conduit, initiating a sampling sequence at the predetermined increments of flow volume, communicating a sample chamber with a source of positive and negative pressure at the beginning of the sampling sequence, purging the sample chamber by introducing the positive pressure therein for a predetermined purge period, filling the sample chamber by introducing the negative pressure therein for a predetermined fill period, sensing the upper surface of the sample in the sample chamber when the upper surface reaches a predetermined fill level exceeding that required for a predetermined sample volume, terminating the negative pressure, purging the sample chamber by introducing positive pressure for reducing the fill to a predetermined level to obtain a predetermined sample volume, and storing the sample volume.

39. A method of measuring fluid flow as in claim 38 including the steps of purging the sample chamber for the predetermined purge period if the predetermined fill level is not sensed prior to completion of the fill period, and refilling the sample chamber by introducing the negative pressure for the predetermined fill period.

40. A method of measuring fluid flow as in claim 38 wherein the step of storing the predetermined sample volume includes conducting the sample volume obtained in each sampling sequence to one of a plurality of storage containers, controlling the number of sample volumes directed to the one storage container, conducting the subsequent sample volume to an adjacent storage container after the one container has received the control number of sample volumes, counting the number of storage containers receiving sample volumes, and inhibiting the sampling sequence after a predetermined number of storage containers have received the control number of sample volumes.

41. A method of measuring fluid flow as in claim 38 wherein the step of storing the predetermined sample volume includes the steps of providing a plurality of storage containers, selecting a number of the plurality of storage containers to receive a sample volume for each predetermined increment of flow volume, conducting the sample volumes to the selected number of storage containers, stopping the sampling sequence after the selected number of storage containers have received sample volumes, and inhibiting initiation of the sampling sequence after a predetermined number of storage containers have received sample volumes.

42. A fluid flow measuring system comprising means for detecting a fluid head in a flow conduit, means for providing an output signal related to said fluid head, a servo control for receiving said signal related to fluid head, a servo motor driven by said servo control, a plurality of mechanical head to flow converters driven by said servo motor for converting head to flow for a flow conduit having one of a plurality of given general cross section shapes, means driven by one of said head to flow converters for providing indication of total flow through the conduit, and means for selecting a predetermined one of said plurality of head to flow converters for measuring flow in a flow conduit having a corresponding known cross section shape, whereby flow may be measured in a plurality of known flow conduit cross section shapes.

43. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 42 together with a sample interval selector whereby an output signal is generated after a predetermined flow quantity has been sensed by said fluid flow meter.

44. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 42 together with a visual level indicator driven by said means for sensing a fluid head, and a time record of flow driven by said mechanical head to flow converter.

45. A fluid flow measuring system as in claim 42 together with a percent flow indicator connected to said mechanical head to flow converter.

46. A system for communication with a fluid comprising a fluid sampler, a sample chamber in said fluid sampler, means cooperating between said sample chamber and said fluid providing for transfer of fluid therethrough, said means cooperating including a tube disposed in said sample chamber having a lower end fixed in close relative position with the bottom of said sample chamber to deposit sample influx as close to the bottom as possible to reduce sample aeration, means for actuating said fluid sampler so that a sample of the fluid is drawn therein, a probe extending into said sample chamber for contacting the fluid drawn into said fluid sampler, said probe being sensitive to and providing a signal output indicative of predetermined substances added to the fluid, so that a substance added to the fluid which has a characteristic such that its presence in the fluid flow is limited in time is detected without sample alteration from aeration, and means for providing a signal indicative of the concentration of said substance.

47. A system for communication with a fluid comprising a fluid sampler, means cooperating between said fluid sampler and the fluid to provide for transfer of the fluid therebetween, a sample chamber included in said fluid sampler, a sample control valve connected with said sample chamber, rotatable fill means in communication with said sample control valve, a probe extending into said sample chamber contacting the fluid for detecting a substance which is diluted by pooling of samples from said fluid sampler, a plurality of storage means, means for controlling said sample control valve to an open position when said rotatable means overlies one of said plurality of storage means, and means for driving said rotatable fill means to overlie separate ones of said plurality of storage means, whereby transient characteristics in fluid samples are preserved in said separate ones of said plurality of storage means.