Solar powered heat reclamation air conditioning system

• US 4,024,908 A
• Filed: 01/29/1976
• Issued: 05/24/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Milton Meckler
• Original Assignee: Milton Meckler
• Inventors: Meckler, Milton
• Primary Examiner(s): Wayner, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tapolcai, Jr., William E.
• Application Number:
  US05/653,345
• Time in Patent Office: 481 Days
• Field of Search: 62/2, 62/236, 62/238, 62/92, 62/467 PR, 165/18, 165/50, 165/58, 237/1 A, 60/641, 60/655
• US Class Current: 165/225
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 5/0046 using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 2023/832 curved
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 23/00 Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 23/70 with reflectors
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 80/50 Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 30/272 Solar heating or cooling
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/20 Solar thermal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/44 Heat exchange systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 126/91 Heat storage liquid

Abstract

This invention relates to the air conditioning of a building complex comprised of one or more zones, utilizing solar insolation and terrestrial re-radiation to a maximum extent and supplemented by external energy as may be required. The principle of thermodynamic availability is employed in a water source system advantageously storing heated and chilled fluid for subsequent heat exchange, and by the diversion of high heat range fluid through a Rankine cycle prime mover for motivation of vapor compression refrigeration or the generation of electrical power dependent upon the availability of solar energy and the demand of said refrigeration, whereby heat energy is claimed and reclaimed and made available to reduce the net energy requirements necessary to provide both heating and cooling of said building complex zones.

Claims

1. A solar insolation powered air conditioning system wherein heated and chilled fluid is stored for subsequent use in heat exchanger means to temper building zone air, and including;

heat concentrating collector means for the absorption of solar heat into a high temperature heat transfer fluid, a stratified thermal mass having high to moderate heat range heat storage sections, pump means circulating said heat transfer fluid through said collector means and through a heat exchange means into the high heat range section of said mass and from the low heat range section thereof returning said high temperature heat transfer fluid to said collector means, a working fluid subjected to high temperature in said high heat range section by heat transfer means in the thermal mass and pressurized into its vapor phase thereby, a heat transfer means for a heating fluid and located in and subjected to the moderate temperature in said moderate heat range section of the thermal mass, circulation means transporting said heating fluid to and from said building zone, a prime mover with an expander deriving work energy out of said pressurized working fluid, condensor means converting said working fluid into its liquid phase and means injecting said liquid phase fluid into said heat transfer means therefor, refrigeration means driven by said prime mover and having a chilled fluid circulation means transporting said chilled fluid to and from said building zone, and heat exchanger means at said building zone alternately drawing upon said heating and chilled fluids as required by thermostat control means therefor to temper the air.

2. The solar powered air conditioning system as set forth in claim 1, wherein an electric motor-generator is driven by said prime mover and drives the refrigeration means.

3. The solar powered air conditioning system as set forth in claim 1, wherein an induction motor-generator operated by means at greater than synchronous speed is driven by said prime mover and drives the refrigeration means.

4. The solar powered air conditioning system as set forth in claim 1, wherein an electric motor-generator is transposed between said prime mover and refrigeration means with clutch means for disengaging the latter.

5. The solar powered air conditioning system as set forth in claim 1, wherein an induction motor-generator operated by means at greater than synchronous speed is driven by said prime mover and drives the refrigeration means through disengageable clutch means.

6. The solar powered air conditioning system as set forth in claim 1, wherein an electric motor-generator is driven as a motor by said prime mover with an inertia wheel for storage of energy alternately driving it as a generator for supplying power.

7. The solar powered air conditioning system as set forth in claim 1, wherein a first motor-generator is driven by said prime mover driving said refrigeration means, and wherein a second motor-generator is in circuit with the first motor-generator and driven thereby as a motor with an inertia wheel for energy storage and alternately driven as a generator by said wheel for supplying power.

8. The solar powered air conditioning system as set forth in claim 1, wherein a first induction motor-generator operated by means at greater than synchronous speed is driven by said prime mover and drives the refrigeration means, and wherein a second induction motor-generator is in circuit with the first induction motor-generator and driven thereby as a motor with an inertia wheel for energy storage and alternately driven as a generator by said wheel for powering said first induction motor-generator.

9. The solar powered air conditioning system as set forth in claim 1, wherein a first induction motor-generator is transposed between said prime mover and refrigeration means with clutch means for disengaging the latter, and wherein a second induction motor-generator is in circuit with the first induction motor-generator and driven thereby as a motor with an inertia wheel for energy storage and alternately driven as a generator by said wheel for powering said first induction motor-generator.

10. A solar insolation powered humidity controlled air conditioning system wherein heated and chilled fluid is stored for subsequent use in heat exchanger means to temper building zone air, and including;

a dehumidifier means having a contactor section subjecting primary induction air to a hygroscopic solution with temperature control means therefor and having a regenerator section with heat dissipating means for heating said solution, circulation means delivering said primary induction air to said building zone, heat concentrating collector means for the absorption of solar heat into a high temperature heat transfer fluid, a stratified thermal mass having high to moderate heat range heat storage sections, pump means circulating said heat transfer fluid through said collector means and through a heat exchange means into the high heat range section of said mass and from the low heat range section thereof returning said high temperature heat transfer fluid to said collector means, a working fluid subjected to high temperature in said high heat range section by heat transfer means in the thermal mass and pressurized into its vapor phase thereby, a heat transfer means for a heating fluid and located in and subjected to the moderate temperature in said moderate heat range section of the thermal mass, circulation means transporting said heating fluid to and from said building zone, a prime mover with an expander deriving work energy out of said pressurized working fluid, said heat dissipating means of the dehumidifier comprising a condensor means converting said working fluid into its liquid phase and means injecting said liquid phase fluid into said heat transfer means therefor, refrigeration means driven by said prime mover and having a chilled fluid circulation means transporting said chilled fluid to and from said building zone, and heat exchanger means at said building zone alternately drawing upon said heating and chilled fluids as required by thermostat control means therefor to temper the air.

11. The solar powered humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 10, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a chilling coil in the contactor section thereof and supplied with said chilled fluid circulated from the said refrigeration means.

12. The solar powered humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 10, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a cooling coil in the contactor section thereof and means supplying cooled fluid thereto from a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means.

13. The solar powered humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 10, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a first stage cooling coil in the contactor section thereof and means supplying cooled fluid thereto from a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means, and a second stage chilling coil in the contactor section thereof and supplied with said chilled fluid circulated from the said refrigeration means.

14. The solar powered humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 10, wherein the heat dissipating means comprising said condensor is in circuit with the liquid phase of the working fluid through a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means.

15. The solar powered humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 10, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a chilling coil in the contactor section thereof and supplied with said chilled fluid circulated from the said refrigeration means, and wherein the heat dissipating means comprising said condensor is in circuit with the liquid phase of the working fluid through a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means.

16. The solar powered humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 10, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a chilling coil in the contactor section thereof and means supplying cooled fluid thereto from a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means, and wherein the heat dissipating means comprising said condensor is in circuit with the liquid phase of the working fluid through a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means.

17. The solar powered humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 10, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a first stage cooling coil in the contactor section thereof and means supplying cooled fluid thereto from a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means, and a second stage chilling coil in the contactor section thereof and supplied with said chilled fluid circulated from the said refrigeration means, and wherein the heat dissipating means comprising said condensor is in circuit with the liquid phase of the working fluid through a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means.

18. A solar insolation powered and re-radiation assisted air conditioning system wherein heated and chilled fluid is stored for subsequent use in heat exchanger means to temper building zone air, and including;

heat concentrating collector means for the absorption of solar heat into a first high temperature heat transfer fluid, a stratified high temperature mass having high to moderate heat range heat storage sections, pump means circulating said high temperature heat transfer fluid through said collector means and through a heat exchange means into the high heat range section and from the low heat range section returning said high temperature heat transfer fluid to said collector means, a working fluid subjected to high temperature in said high heat range section by heat transfer means in the high temperature thermal mass and pressurized into its vapor phase thereby, a heat transfer means for a heating fluid and located in and subjected to the moderate temperature in said moderate heat range section of the thermal mass, circulation means transporting said heating fluid to and from said building zone, a prime mover with an expander deriving work energy out of said pressurized working fluid, condensor means converting said working fluid into its liquid phase and means injecting said liquid phase fluid into said heat transfer means therefor, heat radiating means for the dissipation of heat from a second low temperature heat transfer fluid, a low temperature thermal mass and pump means circulating said low temperature heat transfer fluid through said radiating means and through a heat exchange means into and from said low temperature thermal mass, heat transfer means in the low temperature thermal mass supplying a first chilled fluid, refrigeration means driven by said prime mover and supplying a second chilled fluid, circulation means combining said first and second chilled fluids and transporting the same to and from said building zone, and heat exchanger means at said building zone alternately drawing upon said first and second chilled fluids as required by thermostat control means therefor to temper the air.

19. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted air conditioning system as set forth in claim 18, wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

20. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted air conditioning system as set forth in claim 18, wherein variable control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass proportionately selects the chilled fluids according to low temperature availability through said heat exchange means in the low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

21. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted air conditioning system as set forth in claim 18, wherein an electric motor-generator is driven by said prime mover and drives the refrigeration means, and wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

22. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted air conditioning system as set forth in claim 18, wherein an electric motor-generator is driven as a motor by said prime mover with an inertia wheel for storage of energy alternately driving it as a generator for supplying power, and wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

23. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted air conditioning system as set forth in claim 18, wherein a first motor-generator is driven by said prime mover driving said refrigeration means, and wherein a second motor-generator is in circuit with the first motor-generator and driven thereby as a motor with an inertia wheel for energy storage and alternately driven as a generator by said wheel for supplying power, and wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

24. A solar insolation powered and re-radiation assisted humidity controlled air conditioning system wherein heated and chilled fluid is stored for subsequent use in heat exchanger means to temper building zone air, and including;

a dehumidifier means having a contactor section subjecting primary air to a hygroscopic solution with temperature control means therefor and having a regenerator section with heat dissipating means for heating said solution, circulation means delivering said primary induction air to said building zone, heat concentrating collector means for the absorption of solar heat into a first high temperature heat transfer fluid, a stratified high temperature thermal mass having high to moderate heat range heat storage sections, pump means circulating said high temperature heat transfer fluid through said collector means and through a heat exchange means into the high heat range section and from the low heat range section returning said high temperature heat transfer fluid to said collector means, a working fluid subjected to high temperature in said high heat range section by heat transfer means in the high temperature thermal mass and pressurized into its vapor phase thereby, a heat transfer means for a heating fluid and located in and subjected to the moderate temperature in said moderate heat range section of the thermal mass, circulation means transporting said heating fluid to and from said building zone, a prime mover with an expander deriving work energy out of said pressurized working fluid, said heat dissipating means of the dehumidifier comprising a condensor means converting said working fluid into its liquid phase and means injecting said liquid phase fluid into said heat transfer means therefor, heat radiating means for the dissipation of heat from a second low temperature heat transfer fluid, a low temperature thermal mass and pump means circulating said low temperature heat transfer fluid through said radiating means and through a heat exchange means into and from said low temperature thermal mass, heat transfer means in the low temperature thermal mass supplying a first chilled fluid, refrigeration means driven by said prime mover and supplying a second chilled fluid, circulation means combining said first and second chilled fluids and transporting the same to and from said building zone, and heat exchanger means at said building zone alternately drawing upon said first and second chilled fluids as required by thermostat control means therefor to temper the air.

25. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 24, wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the first and second chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

26. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 24, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a chilling coil in the contactor section thereof and supplied with said chilled fluid circulated from the said refrigeration means, and wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the first and second chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

27. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 24, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a chilling coil in the contactor section thereof and means supplying cooled fluid thereto from a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means, and wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the first and second chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

28. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 24, wherein the heat dissipating means comprising said condensor is in circuit with the liquid phase of the working fluid through a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means, and wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the first and second chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

29. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 24, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a cooling coil in the contactor section thereof and means supplying cooled fluid thereto from a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means, and wherein the heat dissipating means comprising said condensor is in circuit with the liquid phase of the working fluid through a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means, and wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the first and second chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.

30. The solar powered and re-radiation assisted humidity controlled air conditioning system as set forth in claim 24, wherein the dehumidifier means temperature control means comprises a first stage cooling coil in the contactor section thereof and means supplying cooled fluid thereto from a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means, and a second stage chilling coil in the contactor section thereof and supplied with said chilled fluid circulated from the said refrigeration means, and wherein the heat dissipating means comprising said condensor is in circuit with the liquid phase of the working fluid through a cooling tower operating in conjunction with a condensor in the refrigeration means, and wherein control means responsive to temperature in the low temperature thermal mass selects the first and second chilled fluid flow through said heat exchange means in said low temperature thermal mass and refrigeration means respectively.