Photoconductive polymer and photoconductive compositions and elements containing same
First Claim
Patent Images
1. In a photoconductive insulating element comprising:
- (a) a conductive support,(b) a charge-generation layer coated on said support and(c) a charge-transport layer in electrical contact with said charge-generation layer,(i) said charge-generation layer having a thickness of about 0.1 to about 15 microns comprising a continuous, electrically insulating, polymer phase and dispersed in said continuous phase a discontinuous phase comprising a finely divided, particulate, co-crystalline complex of (1) at least one polymer having an alkylidene diarylene group in a recurring unit and (2) at least one pyrylium-type dye salt, said co-crystalline complex, upon exposure to activating radiation for said complex, capable of generating and injecting charge carriers into said charge-transport layer, and(ii) said charge-transport layer comprising an organic composition in electrical contact with said charge-transport layer, said organic composition comprising as a p-type, charge-transport material an organic photoconductive material capable of accepting and transporting injected charge carriers from said charge-generation layer,the improvement wherein said p-type, charge-transport material is a photoconductive polymer having the formula;
##STR12## wherein;
n represents an integer of from 0 to about 20;
each of R2 and R3 represents hydrogen or, when taken together, R2 and R3 represent a chemical bond which completes a carbazole nucleus;
Each of R4, R5 and R6, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group, said substituted alkyl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, aryl arylamino, nitro, cyano or a halogen group, said substituted aryl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, arylamino, nitro, cyano, halogen or alkyl group;
each of R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 and R12, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups as defined for R4, R5 and R6, an alkoxy group, aryloxy group, halogen, nitro group, cyano group, amino group or an acyl group;
each of R1 and R14, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; and
each of R and R16, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ;
with the proviso that, when taken together, R1 and R or R14 and R16 represent the carbon atoms necessary to complete a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to about 21 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl ring.
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Abstract
A photoconductive polymer, and photoconductive insulating compositions and elements containing the same, are disclosed. The aforementioned polymer is a condensation product, preferably of relatively low molecular weight, of certain tertiary aromatic amines and certain carbonyl-containing compounds.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. In a photoconductive insulating element comprising:
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(a) a conductive support, (b) a charge-generation layer coated on said support and (c) a charge-transport layer in electrical contact with said charge-generation layer, (i) said charge-generation layer having a thickness of about 0.1 to about 15 microns comprising a continuous, electrically insulating, polymer phase and dispersed in said continuous phase a discontinuous phase comprising a finely divided, particulate, co-crystalline complex of (1) at least one polymer having an alkylidene diarylene group in a recurring unit and (2) at least one pyrylium-type dye salt, said co-crystalline complex, upon exposure to activating radiation for said complex, capable of generating and injecting charge carriers into said charge-transport layer, and (ii) said charge-transport layer comprising an organic composition in electrical contact with said charge-transport layer, said organic composition comprising as a p-type, charge-transport material an organic photoconductive material capable of accepting and transporting injected charge carriers from said charge-generation layer, the improvement wherein said p-type, charge-transport material is a photoconductive polymer having the formula;
##STR12## wherein;
n represents an integer of from 0 to about 20;each of R2 and R3 represents hydrogen or, when taken together, R2 and R3 represent a chemical bond which completes a carbazole nucleus; Each of R4, R5 and R6, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group, said substituted alkyl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, aryl arylamino, nitro, cyano or a halogen group, said substituted aryl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, arylamino, nitro, cyano, halogen or alkyl group; each of R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 and R12, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups as defined for R4, R5 and R6, an alkoxy group, aryloxy group, halogen, nitro group, cyano group, amino group or an acyl group; each of R1 and R14, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; and each of R and R16, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; with the proviso that, when taken together, R1 and R or R14 and R16 represent the carbon atoms necessary to complete a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to about 21 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl ring.
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2. In a photoconductive insulating element having at least two layers comprising a charge-generation layer in electrical contact with a charge-transport layer,
(a) said charge-generation layer having a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 15 microns comprising a continuous, electrically insulating, polymer phase and dispersed in said continuous phase a discontinuous phase comprising a finely-divided, particulate, co-crystalline complex of (i) at least one polymer having an alkylidene diarylene group in a recurring unit and (ii) at least one pyrylium-type dye salt, said co-crystalline complex, upon exposure to activating radiation for said complex, capable of generating and injecting charge carriers into said charge-transport layer, (b) said charge-transport layer comprising an organic composition containing as a p-type, charge-transport material an organic photoconductive material capable of accepting and transporting injected charge carriers from said charge-generation layer, the improvement wherein said p-type, charge-transport material is a photoconductive polymer having the formula ##STR13## wherein n represents an integer of from 0 to about 20; -
R2 and R3 each represent hydrogen or, when taken together, R2 and R3 represent a chemical bond which completes a carbazole nucleus; R4, r5 and R6, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group, said substituted alkyl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, aryl, arylamino, nitro, cyano, or a halogen group, said substituted aryl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, arylamino, nitro, cyano, halogen, or an alkyl group; R7, r8, r9, r10, r11 and R12, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups as defined for R4, R5 and R6, an alkoxy group, aryloxy group, halogen, nitro group, cyano group, amino group, or an acyl group; R1 and R14, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; R and R16, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ;
with the proviso that, when taken together, R1 and R or R14 and R16 represent the carbon atoms necessary to complete a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to about 21 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl ring. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4)
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5. A photoconductor insulating composition comprising a condensation polymer of (a) a tertiary amine having at least 2 phenyl groups bonded to the amine atom, (b) an amount of sensitizer effective to sensitize said composition and (c) a carbonyl-containing compound having the formula:
- ##STR15## wherein R1 represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group or an aryl group;
R represents an alkyl or aryl group; and R1 and R, when taken together, represent the carbon atoms necessary to complete a cycloalkyl group containing 4 to about 8 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl ring. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7)
- ##STR15## wherein R1 represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group or an aryl group;
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8. A photoconductive insulating composition comprising an electrically insulating, film forming polymeric binder, a photoconductive polymer, and an amount of sensitizer effective to sensitive said composition, said photoconductive polymer having the formula ##STR16## wherein n represents an integer of from 0 to about 20;
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R2 and R3 each represent hydrogen or, when taken together, R2 and R3 represent a chemical bond which completes a carbazole nucleus; R4, r5 and R6, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group, said substituted alkyl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, aryl, arylamino, nitro, cyano, or a halogen group, said substituted aryl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, arylamino, nitro, cyano, halogen, or an alkyl group; R7, r8, r9, r10, r11 and R12, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups as defined for R4, R5 and R6, an alkoxy group, aryloxy group, halogen, nitro group, cyano group, amino group, or an acyl group; R1 and R14, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen of the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups as defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; R and R16, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4 R5 and R6 ;
with the proviso that, when taken together, R1 and R or R14 and R16 represent the carbon atoms necessary to complete a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to about 21 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl ring. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A homogeneous photoconductive insulating composition comprising an electrically insulating, film forming polymeric binder, a photoconductive polymer in an amount equal to at least about 15 percent by weight of said composition, and a sensitizer for said composition in an amount within the range of from about 0.005 to about 10 percent by weight of said composition, said photoconductive polymer in solid solution with said binder and having the formula ##STR17## wherein n represents an integer of from 0 to about 20;
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R2 and R3 each represent hydrogen or, when taken together, R2 and R3 represent a chemical bond which completes a carbazole nucleus; R4, r5 and R6, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group, said substituted alkyl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, aryl, arylamino, nitro, cyano or a halogen group, said substituted aryl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, arylamino, nitro, cyano, halogen, or an alkyl group; R7, r8, r9, r10, r11 and R12, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups as defined for R4, R5 and R6, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, or an acyl group; R1 and R14, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; R and R16, which may be the same or different, each represent a member selected from the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ;
with the proviso that, when taken together, R1 and R or R14 and R16 represent the carbon atoms necessary to complete a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to about 21 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl ring. - View Dependent Claims (14)
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15. An aggregate photoconductive insulating composition comprising a continuous, electrically insulating binder phase containing (a) dissolved therein one or more photoconductive polymers and (b) dispersed therein a particulate, cocrystalline complex of (1) a pyrylium-type dye salt and (2) a polymer having an alkylidene diarylene group in a recurring unit thereof, at least one of said photoconductive polymers having the formula:
- ##STR19## wherein;
n represents an integer of from 0 to about 20;each of R2 and R3 represents hydrogen or, when taken together, R2 and R3 represent a chemical bond which completes a carbazole nucleus; each of R4, R5 and R6, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group, said substituted alkyl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, aryl, arylamino, nitro, cyano or a halogen group, said substituted aryl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, arylamino, nitro, cyano, halogen or an alkyl group; each of R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 and R12, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups as defined for R4, R5 and R6, an alkoxy group, aryloxy groups, halogen, nitro group, cyano group, amino group or an acyl group; each of R1 and R14, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; and each of R and R16, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; with the proviso that, when taken together, R1 and R or R14 and R16 represent the carbon atoms necessary to complete a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to about 21 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl ring. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17)
- ##STR19## wherein;
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18. An aggregate photoconductive insulating composition comprising a continuous, electrically insulating binder phase containing (a) dissolved therein one or more photoconductive polymers and (b) dispersed therein a particulate, co-crystalline complex of (1) a thiapyrylium dye salt and (2) a polycarbonate containing an alkylidene diarylene group in the recurring unit thereof, at least one of said photoconductive polymers having the formula:
- ##STR20## wherein;
n represents an integer of from 0 to about 20;each of R2 and R3 represents hydrogen or, when taken together, R2 and R3 represent a chemical bond which completes a carbazole nucleus; each of R4, R5 and R6, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group, said substituted alkyl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, aryl, arylamino, nitro, cyano or a halogen group, said substituted aryl group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, hydroxy, alkylamino, arylamino, nitro, cyano, halogen or alkyl group; each of R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 and R12, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups as defined for R4, R5 and R6, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group or an acyl group;
each of R1 and R14, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; andeach of R and R16, which may be the same or different, represents a member selected from the substituted and unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups defined for R4, R5 and R6 ; with the proviso that, when taken together, R1 and R or R14 and R16 represent the carbon atoms necessary to complete a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to about 21 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl ring. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20)
- ##STR20## wherein;
Specification