Real-time simulation of point system having multidirectional points as viewed by a moving observer

• US 4,027,403 A
• Filed: 03/12/1975
• Issued: 06/07/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 03/12/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cae-Link Corporation
• Original Assignee: Singer Company (SVP Holdings Ltd.)
• Inventors: Osofsky, Raymond C., Marsh, David Raymond
• Primary Examiner(s): Dildine, Jr., R. Stephen
• Application Number:
  US05/557,714
• Time in Patent Office: 818 Days
• Field of Search: 35/10.2, 35/12 K, 35/12 N, 35/12 P, 46/1 B, 178/DIG. 22, 178/DIG. 35
• US Class Current: 434/42
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/20 Perspective computation
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/302 the image being transformed by computer processing, e.g. updating the image to correspond to the changing point of view
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/36 Simulation of night or reduced visibility flight

Abstract

A night visual aircraft system receives flight data from an aircraft simulator, and ground light data from the gaming area data base. A computer within the night visual system organizes this image data by frame in a buffer memory according to a particular format of addresses, sequences, and bit places. The following types of image data are uniquely positioned in the format:

A position vector (Vp), defining the changing position of the aircraft with respect to the terrain data origin.

Rotational matrix data defining the changing attitude of the aircraft with respect to the axes of the terrain coordinate system.

Light source position data defining the position of terrain lights with respect to the origin of the terrain data.

Cif data, defining the direction, color, intensity, option code, and defocus (size) of individual lights.

An image processor receives the formatted image data and translates and rotates to correspond to the perspective of the simulated pilot view, maintaining the directional aspect of the lights. The data is then projected into two-dimension display vectors.

An image generator receives the display vectors and other image data to provide analog inputs to a CRT device mounted as a window display in the simulated aircraft.

Claims

1. A data processor responsive to observer position and orientation data and to object point data to simulate an image display of the visual relationship between an observer in a moving coordinate system and the object points in at least one object coordinate system;

at least one object data source for providing object point digital position data, and directional data for object points having characteristics which vary as a function of the direction in which the object is viewed;

computer means for receiving object point data and adapted to receive observer position and orientation data, responsive to the received data for providing a predetermined image digital data format having dedicated code bits for identifying classes of data;

a hard-wired image circuit which receives the image data format and is responsive to the code bits for processing the data, and responsive to the observer position data for translating the object point data into the observer coordinate system, and responsive to the orientation data for rotating the object point data to accommodate the observer'"'"'s axis of viewing, and which is adapted to forward the object point data to the image display device for providing a scene of the object point data in the observer perspective; and

a hard-wired direction circuit which compares the observer position data with the object point data of each object point for determining the specific direction of the observer position relative to each object point, and which selects specific directional data for each object point based on the determined direction.

2. The data processor of claim 1, wherein the directional data defines the orientation and visual characteristics of at least a portion of the object points.

3. The data processor of claim 2, wherein at least some of the object points are light points having directional aspects.

4. The data processor of claim 3, wherein the light points have directional intensity.

5. The data processor of claim 4, wherein the light points have directional color.

6. The data processor of claim 3, wherein each the directional light point is responsive to the observer position along one axis of the object coordinate system axis, and establishes a threshold plane perpendicular to the axis of response defined by the relationship:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X = A

where X is any axis of the object coordinate system and A is a different constant for each light point.

7. The data processor of claim 6, wherein each directional light point is position responsive to two axes and establish threshold planes defined by the relationship:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X = A

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Y = B

where X and Y are any two axes of the object coordinate system and A and B are different constants for each light point.

8. The data processor of claim 7, wherein each directional light point is position responsive to all three axes and establishes threshold planes defined by:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X = A

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Y = B

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Z = C

where X, Y and Z are the axes of the object coordinate system and A, B and C are different constants for each light point.

9. The data processor of claim 3, wherein the directional lights form at least one set of lights responsive to the observer position along at least one axis of the object coordinate system.

10. The data processor of claim 9, wherein at least one set of lights form a string parallel to one axis.

11. The data processor of claim 10, wherein at least one string of lights is position responsive to the parallel axis.

12. The data processor claim 11, wherein the string of lights is color responsive.

13. The data processor of claim 3, wherein the directional lights form at least two sets of lights, one set responsive to at least one axis and the other set responsive to at least one other axis.

14. The system of claim 3, wherein some of the object light points have directional aspects responsive to observer position along at least one axis of the object coordinate system, and the data format includes directional data indicating the particular axis of the object coordinate system to which each directional light is responsive.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein the origin of the observer coordinate system is coincident with the observer, and the hard-wired direction circuit is responsive to the signs of the directional light point coordinates in the observer coordinate system to select the proper characteristics of the directional aspects responsive to each axis of the object coordinate system.

16. A real-time digital system for simulating the image of a point structure as viewed by a movable observer within a gaming area, comprising:

object digital data source for providing object point data including a plurality of directional points having at least one directionally dependent characteristic;

observer digital data source for providing real-time observer orientation data and real-time position vectors extending from a first reference point in the observer coordinate system to a second reference point in the object coordinate system;

computer means responsive to the position vectors for translating object coordinates into observer coordinates, and for entering the orientation data and the object data and the directional data into storage according to a predetermined format;

image processor responsive to the formatted data for adjusting the perspective of the object data to conform to the orientation of the observer;

direction circuit responsive to the observer position relative to each object point for providing the corresponding directionally dependent characteristic;

image generator responsive to perspective adjusted data for providing deflection voltages; and

display means responsive to the deflection voltages for providing a scene of the object data source in the perspective of the observer.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first reference point in the observer coordinate system is the origin of the observer system and is proximate the apex of the simulated field of vision.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the second reference point in the object coordinate system is the origin of the object coordinate system.

19. The system of claim 16, wherein the display means is a CRT device with X and Y deflection circuits responsive to the deflection voltages for generating points of excitation on the CRT phosphor screen.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the directional points are intensity responsive to direction and the image generator provides an intensity voltage to the control input of the CRT device.

21. The system of claim 19, wherein the CRT device is a random deflection type.