Material layer volume determination

• US 4,027,660 A
• Filed: 04/02/1976
• Issued: 06/07/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: James Vincent Iii Massey, Robert Aaron Levine, Stephen Clark Wardlaw
• Original Assignee: James Vincent Iii Massey, Robert Aaron Levine, Stephen Clark Wardlaw
• Inventors: Massey, James Vincent III, Levine, Robert Aaron, Wardlaw, Stephen Clark
• Primary Examiner(s): Howell, Kyle L.
• Application Number:
  US05/673,058
• Time in Patent Office: 431 Days
• Field of Search: 128/2 F, 128/2 G, 128/DIG. 5, 73/149, 73/444, 73/425.4 P, 233/1 R, 233/26, 210/78, 210/83, 210/DIG. 23, 210/24
• US Class Current: 600/584
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/145 Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissuemeasuring of blood pressure or blood flow A61B5/02; non-radiation detecting or locating of foreign bodies in blood A61B5/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150022 for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150343 Collection vessels for collecting blood samples from the skin surface, e.g. test tubes, cuvettes sampling from within body cavities A61B5/150015, A61B5/150045
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/15142 Devices intended for single use, i.e. disposable
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50215 using a float to separate phases
• CPC Class Codes: B04B 5/0421 pivotably mounted
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/48 Biological material, e.g. blood, urine G01N33/02, G01N33/26, G01N33/44, G01N33/46 take precedence; Haemocytometers counting blood corpuscules distributed over a surface by scanning the surface G06M11/02
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/491 by separating the blood components G01N15/05 takes precedence

Abstract

A technique for generally determining the volume of a layer of a constituent material in a centrifugally separated mixture of material. A centrifuge tube is used to hold the material mixture and an appropriately shaped body is disposed in the tube in the zone occupied by the constituent material whose volume is to be measured. The body reduces the available volume within the tube which may be occupied by the constituent material, and thus expands the axial extent of the constituent material to make visual measurement of the constituent material more accurate.

Claims

1. For use in measuring the approximate volume of a constituent material layer in a centrifuged material mixture having at least first and second adjacent material layers of different densities, an apparatus comprising:

a tube the bore of which is of substantially constant diameter for containing the centrifuged material mixture; and

a volume-occupying mass disposed within the bore in said tube, said mass comprising an axially elongated body formed of a resinous material which sinks through the layer of lesser density but is buoyant upon the layer of greater density, said body having an outside diameter which is sufficiently smaller than the tube bore diameter to form a free space means between said body and said tube bore operable to reduce the available free volume within said tube which substantially all of the layer of lesser density will occupy to axially expand the extent of the layer of lesser density by a multiple of at least about four.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said tube is a capillary tube open at both ends for drawing by capillary action a sample of the material mixture.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the ends of said capillary tube are inwardly crimped to retain said mass in said tube.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said body is a generally cylindrical body having its axis substantially coincidental with the axis of said tube.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said cylindrical body includes at least one axially extending groove in its outer side surface which the layer of lesser density occupies.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said body has an outer side surface shaped to form means for providing non-linear axial expansion of the layer of lesser density.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said body has an outer side surface shaped to form means for providing multiphase linear axial expansion of the layer of lesser density.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising colored particulate material of different densities and secured in a cluster to an inner surface of said tube by means of an adhesive material which is soluble in the material being measured, said particulate material being operable to settle into particular interphases between adjacent layers of different density to sharply demarcate the interphases.

9. For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in a centrifuged sample of whole anti-coagulated blood, an apparatus comprising:

a transparent tube for containing the centrifuged blood sample;

at least one volume-occupying body formed from a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and disposed in said tube, said body being elongated along an axis which is substantially coincidental with the tube axis, said body being buoyant upon the red cell layer of the centrifuged blood sample, and said body being sufficiently movable within the tube so as to settle onto the red cell layer during centrifugation, said body being radially sized so as to form completely externally of said body a constricted free volume means adjacent to an inner surface of said tube and visible therethrough which constricted free volume means is operative to receive and axially elongate, by a multiple of at least about four, the extent of substantially all of the white cell and platelet layer.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said tube is a capillary tube open at both ends for drawing a blood sample.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the ends of said capillary tube are radially inwardly crimped to retain said body in said tube.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said body is a generally cylindrical body.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said cylindrical body has at least one axially extending groove in its side wall forming at least a part of said free volume means.

14. The appartus of claim 10, wherein said body has a side surface shaped to form a free volume means operative to provide non-linear axial elongation of the extent of the white cell and platelet layer.

15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said body has a side surface shaped to form a free volume means operative to provide multi-phase linear axial elongation of the extent of the white cell and platelet layer.

16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said free volume means is operative to provide axial elongation of the white cell and platelet layer of a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen and further comprising a stain in said tube which is selectively absorbed by the white cell component cells and the platelets to provide a differential buffy layer count.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising colored particulate material of at least two distinctly different densities, said particulate material being adhered together and adhered to a surface within said tube by an adhesive which is soluble in blood, and said particulate material providing means for demarcating at least two different interphases between adjacent sub-component layers in the buffy layer.

18. For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in the buffy layer of a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising a transparent capillary tube for containing the centrifuged blood sample;

and volume-occupying means formed from a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and disposed in said tube and buoyant upon the red cell constituent of the centrifuged sample for forming a free volume means which is visible through the tube and which is adjacent to the red cell constituent for receiving substantially all of the buffy layer constituent and for axially elongating the distance between the upper and lower menisci of the buffy layer by a multiple of at least abour four.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein said volume-occupying means is a generally cylindrical body having its axis substantially coincidental with the tube axis.

20. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said free volume means is operative to elongate said distance by a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising a stain in said tube which is selectively absorbed to different degrees by the different cell types in the buffy layer to provide for a differential buffy layer count.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising colored particulate material of at least two distinctly different densities adhered to a surface within said tube by an adhesive which is soluble in blood, said particulate material providing means for demarcating at least two different interphases between adjacent layers of different cell types in the buffy layer.

23. For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising a capillary tube for containing the centrifuged blood sample;

and volume-occupying means formed from a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and disposed in said tube and buoyant upon the red cell layer of the centrifuged sample, said volume-occupying means being operable to reduce the free volume within the tube available for containment of substantially all of the white cell and platelet layer by a multiple of at least about 0.75.

24. For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising:

a transparent capillary tube for receiving and containing the sample of blood to be centrifuged;

a volume-occupying mass disposed within said capillary tube and forming with the bore thereof a free space means which is visible through the tube and is operable to receive and axially elongate substantially all of the white cell and platelet layer of the blood sample by a multiple of at least about four, aid volume-occupying mass being formed of a material which has a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and is buoyant upon the red cell layer of the blood sample after centrifugation thereof; and

an adhesive material securing said volume-occupying mass to an inner surface of the tube, said adhesive material being soluble in blood.

25. For use in measuring the approximate differential white cell and platelet count in the buffy layer in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulate whole blood, an apparatus comprising:

a capillary tube for drawing and containing the sample of blood to be centrifuged;

an axially elongated body disposed in said tube to occupy space therein normally available to the buffy layer, said body being formed of a material which has a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and is buoyant upon the red cell layer of the centrifuged blood sample, said body combining with said tube to form a free space means in which substantially all of the buffy layer is disposed with said free space means being operable to elongate the axial extent of the buffy layer by a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen; and

a stain in said tube which stain is absorbed to differing degrees by the several constituent white cell types and the platelets to form within the buffy layer, sub-layers of white cell types and platelets distinguishable by differential coloring.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein said body includes a handle part protruding from an open end of said tube for manual manipulation in an axial direction to mix the blood and stain prior to centrifugation.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising colored particulate material of at least two distinctly different densities adhered to a surface within said tube by an adhesive which is soluble in blood, said particulate material providing means for demarcating at least two different interphases between adjacent sub-layers within the buffy layer.

28. For use in measuring the approximate reticulocyte count in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising:

a capillary tube for drawing and containing the blood sample to be centrifuged;

an axially elongated body disposed in said tube, said body being formed of a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc which will cause the body to settle into and float in the red cell layer to an extent sufficient to displace enough of the volume in the tube normally occupied by the reticulocyte layer to form a free space means within the tube operative to receive and axially elongate substantially all of the reticulocyte layer by a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen; and

a stain in said tube which is absorbed by the reticulocyte layer to cause differential coloration thereof.