Position indicator

• US 4,029,899 A
• Filed: 11/14/1975
• Issued: 06/14/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 11/20/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: National Research Development Corporation
• Original Assignee: National Research Development Corporation
• Inventors: Gordon, John Ashley
• Primary Examiner(s): Robinson, Thomas A.
• Application Number:
  US05/632,176
• Time in Patent Office: 578 Days
• Field of Search: 178/19, 178/18, 178/20, 340/347 AD, 33/1 M
• US Class Current: 341/5
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/046 by electromagnetic means

Abstract

A graphical input device for computer aided displays is described in which the area of interest is divided by the conductors of two orthogonal sets of coils. Each region of the of interest area is within a coil or combination of coils in each set unique to that region, so that when a change of the magnetic flux associated with a stylus indicating a point of interest occurs, currents induced in the coils represent the position of the point.

Claims

1. Apparatus for generating a signal representative of a co-ordinate of a movable indicating member, the member being constructed to interact with magnetic flux, and the apparatus including:

a plurality of sensing coils, positioned substantially in or adjacent to a real or imaginary surface in or adjacent to which the indicating member may be moved, the sensing coils overlapping in the direction of a required co-ordinate in the surface, and being positioned to divide an area of interest in the surface into regions, each coil encircling part of said area of interest having conductors in the said area substantially along region boundaries only, and each region being within an arrangement of the sensing coils particular to that region, a further coil, positioned substantially in or adjacent to the said surface and surrounding the entire area of interest, and

means responsive to change in magnetic flux passing through the said area of interest by way of the indicating member for providing signals representative of the co-ordinate of the indicating member, by separately combining signals from said further coil with signals from each of said sensing coils to provide a group of binary signals indicative of said coordinate

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, including means for changing the magnetic flux passing by way of the said area and the indicating member.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2, including

an indicating member having a drive coil mounted thereon.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, including:

means for passing a varying current through the drive coil in order to change the magnetic flux linking the sensing coils and the indicating member.

5. Apparatus according to claim 2, including:

means for passing currents through each sensing coil in turn in order to change the magnetic flux linking the sensing coils and the indicating member, whereby signals induced in the drive coil are indicative of the position of the indicating member.

6. Apparatus according to claim 1, including:

an indicating member constructed to interact with magnetic flux.

7. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the indicating member includes magnetic material.

8. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein each sensing coil arrangement is particular to one region because:

the combination of sensing coils looping that region is unique;

or

the number of sensing coil turns looping that region is unique;

or

the combination of sensing coils with the number of sensing oil turns looping that region is unique;

or

the combination of sensing coils, number of sensing coil turns and sense of sensing coil turns is unique;

or

the combination of number of sensing coil turns and sense of sensing coil turns is unique;

or

the combination of sensing coils and sense of sensing coil turns is unique.

9. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein each sensing coil corresponds to a function in a set of Walsh functions having sequencies independent with respect to the operation :

bit wise modulo two addition without carry, the area of interest is divided hypothetically into strips at right angles to the direction of the co-ordinate signal to be indicated, each strip corresponds to a term in the function, and the sensing coils divide the area by traversing it at the edges of the strips where values of terms corresponding to adjacent strips are different.

10. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein each sensing coil corresponds to a function in a set of independent binary functions, the area of interest is divided hypothetically into strips at right angles to the direction of the co-ordinate to be indicated, each strip corresponds to a term in the functions, and the sensing coils divide the area by traversing it at the edges of the strips where the values of terms corresponding to adjacent strips are different.

11. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the sensing coils form a series of coils for dividing the area into regions, each coil of the series comprising first and second groups of edge portions, a third edge portion, and a number of side portions, the edge portions of the first group being positioned along one edge of the area, the edge portions of the second group being positioned along the opposite edge, and the side portions so crossing the area to join edge portions, each side portion in a single traverse of the area, that a closed coil is formed, except where connections to the coil are made, with the third edge portion positioned along the said one edge or the said opposite edge in the return traverse between the other opposite edges, a side portion of the first coil in the series dividing the area into two equal regions, and the side portions of each succeeding coil, together with the side portions of the previous coils in the series, dividing the area into twice the number of equal regions as the division of the area by the side portions of the previous coil together with the side portions of the coils in the series before the said previous coil.

12. Apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the area of interest is generally rectangular and the side portions of the coils are at right angles to the direction of the co-ordinate to be indicated.

13. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the side portions of each coil traverse the area of interest at positions which are different from the positions of the side portions of other coils, except along the said other opposite edges.

14. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the sensing coils divide the area of interest with a first series of traverses of the area, and the apparatus includes a group of additional sensing coils positioned substantially in, or adjacent to, the said surface, to divide the area of interest into regions with a second series of traverses at right angles to the traverses of the first series, each region formed by the second series of traverses being within an arrangement of additional sensing coils particular to that region.

15. Apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the traverses of the first series are parallel to one another and the traverses of the second series are parallel to one another.

16. Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the means responsive to change in flux may include a number of exclusive OR gates one for, and associated with, each coil in the series except the first, the output of the first coil together with that of the second coil being connected to input terminals of the exclusive OR gate associated with the second coil, and for each exclusive OR gate associated with a coil higher in the series, the output of the coil is connected to the gate associated with that coil together with the output of the exclusive OR gate associated with the preceding coil in the series, the output from the first coil, in operation, providing the most significant bit in the co-ordinate signal, the exclusive OR gate associated with the second coil providing the second most significant bit, and so on.

17. Apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the means responsive to change in flux includes a number of subtraction circuits, one for, and associated with, each coil in the series, each subtraction circuit being arranged to subtract half the output from the coil surrounding the entire area of interest from the output of the coil associated with that subtraction circuit, a number of exclusive OR gates one for, and associated with, each coil in the series except the first, the output of the subtraction circuit associated with the first coil together with that of the subtraction circuit associated with the second coil being connected to input terminals of the exclusive OR gate associated with the second coil, and for each exclusive OR gate associated with a coil higher in the series, the output of the subtraction circuit associated with the coil is connected to the gate associated with that coil together with the output of the exclusive OR gate associated with the preceding coil in the series, the output from the subtraction circuit associated with the first coil, in operation, providing the most significant bit in the co-ordinate signal, the exclusive OR gate associated with the second coil providing the second most significant bit, and so on.

18. Apparatus according to claim 2 including:

a further guide for magnetic flux extending across the area of interest but on that side of the sensing coils remote from the surface.

19. Apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the means for changing the magnetic flux includes a drive coil around the further flux guide, with the axis of the drive coil normal to the said surface.

20. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the indicating member includes means for generating a signal indicating when the indicating member is in position for the generation of signals representing co-ordinates.

21. Apparatus for generating a signal representative of the position of a point on a surface including:

a plurality of sensing coils in or immediately below a real or imaginary surface, the sensing coils being arranged to divide an area of interest in the surface into regions, each coil having conductors in the said area along region boundaries only, and each region being within an arrangement of sensing coils particular to that region,

a further coil positioned in or immediately below the said surface and surrounding all the said regions,

an indicating member movable over the surface for indicating a point, the position of which is required, the member being constructed to guide magnetic flux therethrough,

means for changing the magnetic flux linking the sensing coils and the further coil by way of the indicating member, and

means responsive to the said change in flux for providing a signal representative of the position of the indicating member, including means for interpreting signals induced in each sensing coil with the assistance of signals induced in the further coil when a change of flux occurs, in providing the signals representative of a coordinate.