Radiant energy alarm system

• US 4,031,545 A
• Filed: 09/08/1975
• Issued: 06/21/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 09/08/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Trust C.O. American
• Original Assignee: American Science and Engineering Incorporated (OSI Systems Incorporated)
• Inventors: Stein, Jay A., Annis, Martin
• Primary Examiner(s): Richardson, Robert L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Coles, Edward L.
• Application Number:
  US05/611,230
• Time in Patent Office: 652 Days
• Field of Search: 178/DIG. 1, 178/DIG. 5, 178/6.8, 250/363, 358/108, 358/111
• US Class Current: 378/57
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/043 using fluoroscopic examination, with visual observation or video transmission of fluoroscopic images
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/20 Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects

Abstract

An X-ray inspection system includes a circuit that responds to a high level of opacity for more than a predetermined time interval by providing an alarm signal to alert the inspector of the possibility of concealed contraband. The circuitry also provides a pulse when exceptional opacity is detected for combination with the vertical deflection signal to translate the display of exceptionally opaque objects to a different portion of the viewing screen to facilitate identification of potential contraband without opening the baggage or parcel being inspected.

Claims

1. In a radiant energy imaging system having a scanning beam of radiant energy that scans a radiant energy detector to provide video signals representative of the opacity of objects intercepting the radiant energy beam alerting apparatus comprising,

a source of a signal of reference level corresponding to a predetermined reference opacity,

means for comparing said video signal with said reference signal to provide a threshold signal when the video signal bears a predetermined relationship to the reference signal,

means for indicating an alarm condition when said threshold signal occurs for a predetermined time interval,

wherein said source of a reference signal comprises a predetermined portion of said video signal produced when said beam is scanning a predetermined reference object of known opacity between said detector and the source of said radiant energy beam.

2. In a radiant energy imaging system having a scanning beam of radiant energy that scans a radiant energy detector to provide video signals representative of the opacity of objects intercepting the radiant energy beam alerting apparatus comprising,

a source of a signal of reference level corresponding to a predetermined reference opacity,

means for comparing said video signal with said reference signal to provide a threshold signal when the video signal bears a predetermined relationship to the reference signal,

means for indicating an alarm condition when said threshold signal occurs for a predetermined time interval,

and means responsive to said threshold signal for altering a deflection signal in the television display of the image of the object being scanned to displace the image of potential contraband from the image of the rest of the object being scanned.

3. In a radiant energy imaging system having a scanning beam of radiant energy that scans a radiant energy detector to provide video signals representative of the opacity of objects intercepting the radiant energy beam alerting apparatus comprising,

a source of a signal of reference level corresponding to a predetermined reference opacity,

means for comparing said video signal with said reference signal to provide a threshold signal when the video signal bears a predetermined relationship to the reference signal,

means for indicating an alarm condition when said threshold signal occurs for a predetermined time interval,

a source of clock pulses,

a counter,

gating means responsive to said threshold signal for transmitting clock pulses from said clock pulse source to said counter upon occurrence of said threshold signal,

said means for indicating an alarm condition including means responsive to the count in said counter for producing said alarm condition when the count in said counter exceeds a predetermined number.

4. In a radiant energy imaging system having a scanning beam of radiant energy that scans a radiant energy detector to provide video signals representative of the opacity of objects intercepting the radiant energy beam alerting apparatus comprising,

a source of a signal of reference level corresponding to a predetermined reference opacity,

means for comparing said video signal with said reference signal to provide a threshold signal when the video signal bears a predetermined relationship to the reference signal,

means for indicating an alarm condition when said threshold signal occurs for a predetermined time interval,

and a sample of material of known opacity adjacent to said radiant energy detector for intercepting said beam of radiant energy during a portion of the scan thereof so that the video signal then provided by said radiant energy detector comprises said source of a signal of reference level.

5. Alerting apparatus in accordance with claim 4 and further comprising a second element of known opacity adjacent to said radiant energy detector for intercepting said scanning beam so that said radiant energy detector then provides a video signal representing that known opacity and comprises a source of a signal of a second level corresponding to a predetermined second reference opacity.

6. Alerting apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein said item of known opacity is made of aluminum.

7. Alerting apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein one of said items of known opacity is made of aluminum and the other is made of lead.

8. A method of using alerting apparatus in a radiant energy imaging system having a scanning beam of radiant energy that scans a radiant energy detector to provide video signals representative of the opacity of objects intercepting the radiant energy beam comprising,

a source of a signal of reference level corresponding to a predetermined reference opacity,

means for comparing said video signal with said reference signal to provide a threshold signal when the video signal bears a predetermined relationship to the reference signal,

means for indicating an alarm condition when said threshold signal occurs for a predetermined time interval,

which method includes the steps of establishing a signal representing a first window of potential contraband designating a first combination of opacity and area representing potential contraband,

establishing a second window corresponding to a predetermined combination of opacity and area ranges characteristic of a particular type of contraband upon the occurrence of a video signal within said first window,

and indicating an alarm condition upon the occurrence of scanning an item causing the production of video signals within both said first and second windows.