Electronic games

• US 4,034,983 A
• Filed: 12/11/1975
• Issued: 07/12/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 12/11/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Agans, David J., Dash, Glen R., Szakacs, Gabor L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Oechsle, Anton O.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hum, Vance Y.
• Application Number:
  US05/640,105
• Time in Patent Office: 579 Days
• Field of Search: 273/1 E, 273/85 R, 273/DIG. 28, 179/2 TV, 235/42 GA, 340/323 R, 340/324 A, 340/324 AD, 35/10.2, 35/12 N, 35/25
• US Class Current: 463/3
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/00 Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions gaming systems which provide a financial reward G07F17/32
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/812 Ball games, e.g. soccer or baseball
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/8011 Ball

Abstract

An electronic game wherein an electronic controller, connected to introduce RF signals through the antenna circuit of a television receiver, introduces to the receiver electric signals that produce on the screen thereof the simulation of at least part of a playing area and the simulation of active parts or components of a game.

Claims

1. Playing apparatus that comprises, in combination:

a television receiver that operates within a channel allocated for television broadcasting; and

electronic control means adapted to produce on the image screen of the television receiver the simulation of at least part of a playing area and the simulation of active components of a game, said electronic control means comprising comparator means that serves to locate the horizontal and vertical coordinates of a point, that is, the x and y spatial location of the point, on the image screen, said comparator means comprising a first pair of comparators that act in combination to locate the horizontal coordinate of the point and a second pair of comparators that act in combination to locate the vertical coordinate of the point.

2. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said electronic control means comprises analog mapping circuitry and digital circuitry, and wherein the comparator means is part of the analog circuitry.

3. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the playing area is an elongate area that includes top and bottom boundaries and in which the active components comprises at least one simulated object whose movement on the image screen is remotely and manually controllable.

4. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 3 in which the at least one simulated object comprises a first simulated paddle disposed at one end of the playing area and a second simulated paddle disposed at the opposite end of the playing area, means being provided to render each paddle movable transversely between said boundaries under the remote control of a player and through said electronic control means.

5. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 4 in which one of said active components is a simulated ball which is produced under the direction of the electronic control means and which is caused to move within the playing area under the automatic direction of the electronic control means.

6. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 5 in which the first and second simulated paddles and the boundaries deflect the simulated ball, the movement of the ball between deflections being independent and automatic in its motion.

7. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein the velocity of the simulated ball in its movement has a horizontal component and a vertical component, each of the components being independently alterable by the electronic control means.

8. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 7 in which the vertical component of motion is a function of the position of incident between the simulated ball and the simulated paddle struck relative to the simulated paddle until the simulated ball again strikes a paddle.

9. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 6 in which the electronic control means includes means to change the speed of travel of the simulated ball.

10. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 6 in which in the event that one or the other of the simulated paddles fails to deflect the simulated ball in the direction of the opposite end of the playing area, then the electronic control means acts to indicate for a predetermined period of time, on the television screen, which paddle failed to deflect the simulated ball.

11. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 6 in which the electronic control means includes means to inhibit display of the ball during said period of time.

12. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 that includes means to produce a practice obstacle of at least one of said active components.

13. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 having means to produce sound at significant times during the course of play as an aspect of simulation of actual events.

14. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electronic control means includes means to generate an analog map of the image screen of the television receiver and means to generate a digital map of said image screen, that bear time-phase relationships to the raster-scan beam and to each other, said comparator means being part of the means to generate an analog map.

15. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 14 which further includes means to combine data from the analog map with data from the digital map to produce a signal that is connected to the television receiver to produce on the image screen the simulation of a playing area and the simulation of active components of a game.

16. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein the means to generate an analog map includes two ramp generators, the first ramp generator being synchronized to produce a voltage ramp that has a minimum value when the television receiver raster-scan beam is at one horizontal end of the television screen and a maximum value when the television receiver raster-scan beam is at the other horizontal end of the television screen and the second ramp generator being synchronized to produce a second voltage ramp that has a minimum value when the television receiver raster-scan is at one vertical end of the television screen and a maximum value when the television receiver raster-scan beam is at the other vertical end of the television image screen such that the horizontal and vertical coordinates of a point on the image screen can be represented by two voltages, one referenced to the first voltage ramp and the other reference to the second voltage ramp, and wherein the means to generate a digital map comprises means for providing digital addresses that includes two counters, the first counter being synchronized to produce a linear counting sequence wherein the output magnitude of the first counter has a minimum value when the television receiver raster-scan beam is at one horizontal end of the television screen and a maximum value when the television receiver raster-scan beam is at the other horizontal end of the television screen and the second counter being synchronized to produce a linear counting sequence wherein the output magnitude of the second counter has a minimum when the television receiver rast-scan beam is at one vertical end of the television screen and a maximum value when the television receiver raster-scan beam is at the other vertical end of the television screen such that the horizontal and vertical coordinates of a point on the image screen can be represented by two digital addresses.

17. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 16 that includes first means to synchronize the first ramp generator and the first counter with the television receiver raster-scan beam, said first means to synchronize comprising a horizontal sync pulse generator which at a particular digital address of the first counter provides a pulse that acts to return the first voltage ramp to its initial voltage and transmits a horizontal sync pulse to the television receiver to return the television receiver raster-scan beam to its initial horizontal location.

18. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 17 that includes second means to synchronize the second generator counter with the television receiver raster-scan beam, said second means to synchronize comprising a vertical sync pulse generator which, at a particular phase angle of the incoming a-c current that powers the apparatus, generates a pulse that returns the second voltage ramp to its initial voltage, returns the second counter to its initial output magnitude and trasmits a vertical sync pulse to the television receiver to return the television receiver raster-scan beam to its initial vertical location.

19. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 18 that includes a clock connected to control counting frequency of both the first counter and the second counter and that further includes a frequency locked circuit that controls the clock frequency within small limits to adjust the rate of generation of the horizontal sync pulse and the vertical sync pulse such that they are compatible with a typical television receiver.

20. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 16 that further includes means to initiate a first display signal when the television raster-scan beam is at any particular horizontal coordinate and terminate the first display signal when the television raster-scan beam has moved a predetermined horizontal distance and that further includes means to initiate a second display signal when the television raster-scan beam is at any paticular vertical coordinate and terminate the second display signal when the television raster-scan beam has moved a predetermined vertical distance, thereby determining the location and size of the ball and the vertical location and vertical size of the paddles.

21. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein one of said active components is a simulate object, wherein the electronic control means includes means to establish an analog map which is directly related to the screen of the television receiver and wherein analog voltages correspond to horizontal and vertical positions on the television screen, said analog map including sad comparator means.

22. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 21 wherein the electronic control means further includes means to establish a pair of voltages corresponding to the coordinates of the simulated object on said analog map.

23. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 22 wherein the means to establish an analog map includes offset means to generate a small area of fixed size about the coordinates of the simulated object, which area corresponds to the area of the simulated object on the television screen.

26. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein one of said active components is a simulated object and wherein the electronic control means includes control circuitry, including said comparator means, which automatically effects motion of the simulated object on the screen of the television receiver by changing the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the object.

27. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 26 in which the control circuitry includes a first integrator having a voltage output whose instantaneous value is the electric analog of the horizontal coordinate and a second integrator having a voltage output whose instantaneous value is the electric analog of the vertical coordinate.

28. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 27 in which the control circuitry includes a hybrid combination of digital circuitry and analog circuitry that interact to vary both the direction and rate of integration of both the first integrator and the second integrator to effect said motion.

29. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 27 where the first integrator and the second integrator each comprises a capacitor and a Norton operational amplifier and wherein the operational amplifier charges and discharges the capacitor at a rate proportional to the difference between the two input currents to the respective integrator.

30. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 29 having means to inject a current i₂ into the negative input of the second integrator and to inject a current 2i₂ into the positive input of the second integrators and having means selectively to shunt the current 2i₂ away from the positive input of the second integrator.

31. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 30 that includes means to provide a digital signal and wherein the means to shunt comprises an open collector inverter controlled by the digital signal, which inverter acts to control the direction of movement of the simulated ball in the vertical direction, that is, the inverter serves to determine whether the ball moves up or down on the television screen.

32. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 30 wherein the means to inject the current i₂ into the negative input comprises means to divide the current i₂ into a first summation ##EQU6## and the means to inject the current 2i₂ into the positive input comprises means to divide the current into a second summation ##EQU7##

33. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 32 that includes means to choose any combination of terms of the first summation and the same combination of terms of the second summation and to subtract them from the respective currents i₂ and 2i₂ thereby to affect the vertical speed of the simulated ball.

34. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 32 wherein the means to inject the current i₂ into the negative input comprises means to divide the current i₂ into a first summation ##EQU8## and the means to inject the current 2i₂ into the positive input comprises means to divide the current 2i₂ into a second summation ##EQU9##

35. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 34 that includes means to choose any combination of terms of the first summation and the same combination of terms of the second summation and to subtract them from the respective currents i₂ and 2i₂ thereby to affect the vertical speed of the simulated ball.

36. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 27 having means to inject a current i, into the negative input of the first integrator and to inject a current 2i₁ into the positive input of the first integrator and having means selectively to shunt the current 2i₁ away from the positive input of the first integrator.

37. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 36 that includes means to provide a digital signal and wherein the means to shunt comprises an open collector inverter controlled by a digital signal, which inverter acts to control the direction of movement of the simulated ball in the horizontal direction, that is, the inverter serves to determine whether the ball moves to the left or to the right on the television screen.

38. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 36 that further includes a manually controllable voltage source and resistances R₁ and 2R₂, wherein R₁ = R₂, that serve, in combination, as a variable current dual-current source supplying the currents i₁ and 2i₁ to the integrator.

39. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first pair of comparators comprises two comparators whose outputs are ANDed together to form a first window comparator and said second pair of comparators comprises two comparators whose outputs are ANDed together to form a second window comparator to provide electronic control means comprising a plurality of window comparators.

40. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 39 in which the active components comprise a simulated ball produced by the two window comparators and caused to move within the playing area under the control of the electronic control means acting through said two window comparators.

41. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 40 that comprises ramp generator means comprising two ramp generators, the first ramp generator being synchronized to produce offset voltage ramps that have minimum values when the raster-scan beam of the television receiver is reset to its starting horizontal coordinate and maximum when the raster-scan beam is at its final horizontal coordinate and the second ramp generator being synchronized to produce offset voltage ramps that have minimum values when the raster-scan beam of the television receiver is reset to its starting vertical coordinate and maximum when the raster scan beam is at its final vertical coordinate.

42. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 40 that includes ramp generator means operable to generate a horizontal ramp and a vertical ramp, one of the window comparators of the two window comparators being connected to receive the horizontal ramp and the other of the window comparators of the two window comparators being connected to receive the vertical ramp, the window comparators and the ramp generator means acting in combination to generate the ball as an area display on the image screen and to move the ball smoothly about the image screen.

43. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 that includes analog mapping means, digital mapping means, and a frequency locked loop that serves to synchronize events in the analog mapping means with events in the digital mapping means.

44. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 43 wherein the digital mapping means comprises an input multiplexer which serves to decode the digital mapping means and to display objects on the image screen at appropriate locations of the television receiver raster-scan beam.

45. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 44 wherein the digital mapping means comprises a first counter and a second counter that serve in combination to locate horizontal and vertical spatial coordinates of a point on the image screen.

24. Playing apparatus as claimed in claim 24 wherein the offset means comprises two ramp generators each of which generates a pair of offset waveforms, one pair of the offset waveforms serving to determine the vertical limits of the simulated object and the other pair of offset waveforms serving to determine the horizontal limits of the simulated object, said one pair of offset waveforms being connected as input to the first pair of comparators and said other pair of offset waveforms being connected as input to the second pair of comparators.

25. Playing apparatus as claimed wherein the manually controllable voltage source includes an automatic override that acts selectively to effect a change in the speed of the simulated ball independent of the manual setting of the manually controllable voltage source.

46. For use in a system that includes a television receiver, electronic control means operative to produce on the screen of the television receiver the simulation of at least part of a playing area and the simulation of active components of a game, said electronic control means comprising analog mapping circuit means and digital means that act together to produce said components, said analog mapping circuit comprising comparator means that serves to locate the horizontal spatial coordinate and the vertical spatial coordinate of a point on the image screen, said comparator means comprising one pair of comparators that interact to locate the horizontal coordinate and another pair of comparators that interact to locate the vertical coordinate, each pair comprising two comparators whose outputs are ANDed together.

47. Electronic control means as claimed in claim 46 wherein said digital means is digital mapping circuit means.

48. An electronic controller for a cathode ray tube that operates in a raster-scan mode that comprises, in combination, means to generate an analog map including two ramp generators, the first ramp generator being synchronized to produce a voltage ramp that has a minimum value when the raster-scan beam of the tube is at one horizontal end of the image screen of the tube and a maximum value when the raster-scan beam is at the other horizontal end of the image screen and the second ramp generator being synchronized to produce a second voltage ramp that has a minimum value when the raster-scan beam is at one vertical end of the screen and a maximum value when the raster-scan beam is at the other vertical end of the screen such that the horizontal and vertical coordinates of a point on the image screen can be represented by two voltages, one referenced to the first voltage ramp and the other referenced to the second voltage ramp;

means to generate a digital map that includes two counters, the first counter being synchronized to produce a linear counting sequence wherein the output magnitude of the first counter has a minimum value when the raster-scan beam is at one horizontal end of the image screen and a maximum value when the raster-scan beam is at the other horizontal end of the image screen and the second counter being synchronized to produce a linear counting sequence wherein the output magnitude of the second counter has a minimum when the raster-scan beam is at one vertical end of the image screen and a maximum value when the raster-scan beam is at the other vertical end of the image screen such that the horizontal and vertical coordinates of a point on the image screen can be represented by two digital addresses, one address of the two being a count on the first counter and the other address being a count on the second counter;

the analog map and the digital map bearing a time-phase relationship to the raster-scan beam and to each other; and

means connected to the generators for providing synchronization.

49. An electronic controller as claimed in claim 48 that further includes comparator means that serves to locate the horizontal spatial coordinate of a point and the vertical spatial coordinate of a point on the image screen of the cathode ray tube, said comparator means comprising one pair of comparators that interact to locate the horizontal coordinate of the point and another pair of comparators that interact to locate the vertical coordinate, each pair comprising two comparators whose outputs are ANDed together, said first ramp generator being connected as input to the first-named pair of comparators and the second ramp generator being connected as input to the second-named pair of comparators.