System for pollution suppression

• US 4,035,296 A
• Filed: 09/24/1975
• Issued: 07/12/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/1964
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Edward T. Armstrong
• Original Assignee: TII Corporation
• Inventors: Armstrong, Edward T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wyse, Thomas G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Spitzer, Robert H.
• Application Number:
  US05/616,482
• Time in Patent Office: 657 Days
• Field of Search: 210/17, 210/150, 210/151, 210/177, 210/194, 261/94, 261/95, 261/98, 261/76, 261/DIG. 75
• US Class Current: 210/151
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/00 Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation separation of ores or the like by sedimentation B03B5/48 - B03B5/60 ; differential sedimentation B03D3/00; purification of water, waste water, sewage or sludge C02F, e.g. devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material from water, waste water or sewage C02F1/40
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/0084 Enhancing liquid-particle separation using the flotation principle flotation in general B03D1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/01 using flocculating agents for purifying water C02F1/52; for liquid radioactive waste G21F9/10
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/14 with rotating scrapers
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/24 Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/302 Active control mechanisms with external energy, e.g. with solenoid valve
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/34 Controlling the feed distribution; Controlling the liquid level ; Control of process parameters
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/10 Preparation of ozone
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2201/66 Pretreatment of the feed
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/76 with halogens or compounds of halogens C02F1/4674 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/78 with ozone C02F1/4672 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 3/043 Devices for distributing water over trickle filters
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 3/1284 Mixing devices
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 3/302 Nitrification and denitrification treatment C02F3/308 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 9/00 Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 55/02 Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers in valves F16K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 55/045 specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effects of water hammer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 10/10 Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures or pipe hammer by introducing a gas into a flow conduit in such an amount that the introduced gas is in excess of that required to saturate the liquid. Preferably, the gases are those which are relatively inert or not unduly reactive and which possess relatively low saturation levels with respect to the liquid. Desirably, the gas is added through a member to the flow conduit in a vicinity of high turbulence. The surge suppression system can be utilized in generally any liquid system and particularly in a liquid transmission system.

Another embodiment pertains to a scrubber or washer for generally purifying gases and may contain one or two stages to efficiently remove impurities as through the use of high solubility fluids, fluids which decompose contaminants or which contain or provide (i.e. heating stage) catalysts to decompose contaminants, oxidizing agents, or reducing agents. The scrubber contains a packed bed and the packing may be characterized as one where the inside hydraulic radius equals the hydraulic radius of the external flow channels. The washer or scrubber type apparatus is particularly suitable for treating (purifying) materials such as ozone utilized in a deodorizing or disinfecting system.

Another embodiment pertains to the purification of a gas by treatment with a fluid in a flow conduit having a plug flow at its entrance containing an injection-mixing device coacting with a first high turbulence causing device and a downstream or second high turbulence causing device. The treating fluid is preferably added at the vena contracta of the first high turbulence causing device.

The present invention also relates to a two stage oxidative system for the disinfection of material which may contain nitrogen commonly in the form of ammonia or ammonium as in the treatment of waste or sewage plant effluent by adding a primary oxidizing agent to the effluent to disinfect as well as to lower the pH of the effluent and by adding a secondary oxidizing agent to produce a synergistic disinfection system in which the distribution of ammonium and ammonia is shifted to nearly all ammonium. A desirable pH level is 7 or less with desirable primary oxidizing agents including aluminum chloride or ferric chloride with desirable secondary oxidizing agents including chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone as in oxygen or air, or sodium hypochlorite.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the nitrification of ammonia in the form of secondary effluent from a waste treatment system wherein the ammonia is converted to nitrates in a tertiary unit operation so that the effluent has low ammonia content.

A rotary distributor arm comprising improved distribution nozzles and flow control accomplished by a gradual taper of the arm itself is defined which ensures a uniform flow distribution across the full radius of the distributing medium so that uniformity and optimum economy and efficiency are achieved with respect to the trickling filter itself because a uniform fluid flow is distributed across the entire top surface thereof.

The invention further contemplates an injection-mixing system immersed in a contact tank utilizing efficient mixing devices for disinfection and a unique flowthrough arrangement into an influent conduit as well as through the contact tank whereby maximum dispersion of the disinfectant throughout the influent with maximum economy is achieved.

The invention further relates to an activated sludge aeration system in which desirably there are no stagnant areas and maximum diffusion is achieved, efficiently.

The invention further relates to a continuous treatment of a fluid by chemical reaction with a treating fluid as in an in-line reactor.

The invention also relates to the efficient production of ozone by varying the oxygen feed rate, voltage, current or frequency or the ozone in oxygen concentration.

The invention also relates to the enrichment of oxygen by adding air to a high-pressure holding tank containing a liquid in which oxygen is soluble, bleeding off nitrogen-rich gas and desorbing gas from the liquid at a lower pressure.

Claims

1. A waste treatment system for the production of low ammonia effluent comprising,

a nitrification tower having a packed bed,

a conduit for feeding secondary treatment effluent from a waste treatment system to said packed bed,

a high turbulence causing means located in said conduit for mixing said effluent,

said high turbulent causing means being a flat plate orifice,

said flat plate orifice effecting a vena contracta portion in said effluent,

said vena contracta portion located in the central portion of said conduit,

said flat plate orifice having a diameter of from about 0.7 to about 0.9 conduit diameters,

a small tube aerator means for introducing oxygen into said effluent to aerate said effluent,

said small tube having a tip, said tip located in said conduit in the vicinity of said vena contracta so that said oxygen is mixed with said effluent, said small tube tip being located at about 0.25 to about 0.5 conduit diameters downstream from said flat plate orifice.

2. A waste treatment system for the production of low ammonia effluent according to claim 1, wherein said packed bed contains packed media, said packed media having an internal hydraulic radius and an external hydraulic radius, said hydraulic radius of said internal flow channels being substantially equal to said hydraulic radius of said external flow channels.

3. A waste treatment system for the production of low ammonia effluent according to claim 2, wherein said packed media is selected from the class consisting of Berl saddles, pall rings, single spiral media and Raschig rings.

4. A waste treatment system for the production of low ammonia effluent according to claim 1, wherein said small tube tip is located from about 0.36 to about 0.39 diameters downstream from said orifice.

5. A waste treatment system for the producton of low ammonia effluent according to claim 1, wherein said small tube tip is located about 0.375 diameters downstream from said orifice.

6. A waste treatment system for the production of low ammonia effluent according to claim 1, wherein said oxygen added is in the form of air.

7. A waste treatment system for the production of low ammonia effluent according to claim 1, including insulation, said insulation located about said tower so that said tower is insulated.

8. A waste water treatment system for the production of low ammonia effluent according to claim 1, including a conduit and a pumping means for recirculating waste from around said packed bed, said flat plate orifice located in one or more of said conduits.