System for pollution suppression

• US 4,035,301 A
• Filed: 09/24/1975
• Issued: 07/12/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/1964
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Edward T. Armstrong
• Original Assignee: TII Corporation
• Inventors: Armstrong, Edward T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wyse, Thomas G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Spitzer, Robert H.
• Application Number:
  US05/616,485
• Time in Patent Office: 657 Days
• Field of Search: 137/207, 137/211, 210/63, 210/220, 210/221 R, 261/77, 261/124, 261/DIG. 75, 261/76
• US Class Current: 210/220
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/00 Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation separation of ores or the like by sedimentation B03B5/48 - B03B5/60 ; differential sedimentation B03D3/00; purification of water, waste water, sewage or sludge C02F, e.g. devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material from water, waste water or sewage C02F1/40
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/0084 Enhancing liquid-particle separation using the flotation principle flotation in general B03D1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/01 using flocculating agents for purifying water C02F1/52; for liquid radioactive waste G21F9/10
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/14 with rotating scrapers
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/24 Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/2427 The feed or discharge opening located at a distant position from the side walls
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/302 Active control mechanisms with external energy, e.g. with solenoid valve
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/34 Controlling the feed distribution; Controlling the liquid level ; Control of process parameters
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 47/00 Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent B01D45/10 takes precedence; fractionating columns or parts thereof B01D3/16
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/34 Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/10 Preparation of ozone
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/11 by electric discharge
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2201/66 Pretreatment of the feed
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/76 with halogens or compounds of halogens C02F1/4674 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/78 with ozone C02F1/4672 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 3/043 Devices for distributing water over trickle filters
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 3/302 Nitrification and denitrification treatment C02F3/308 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 9/00 Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 55/02 Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers in valves F16K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 55/045 specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effects of water hammer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 10/10 : Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/3118 : Surge suppression

Abstract

A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures or pipe hammer by introducing a gas into a flow conduit in such an amount that the introduced gas is in excess of that required to saturate the liquid. Preferably, the gases are those which are relatively inert or not unduly reactive and which possess relatively low saturation levels with respect to the liquid. Desirably, the gas is added through a member to the flow conduit in a vicinity of high turbulence. The surge suppression system can be utilized in generally any liquid system and particularly in a liquid transmission system.

Another embodiment pertains to a scrubber or washer for generally purifying gases and may contain one or two stages to efficiently remove impurities as through the use of high solubility fluids, fluids which decompose contaminants or which contain or provide (i.e., heating stage) catalysts to decompose contaminants, oxidizing agents, or reducing agents. The scrubber contains a packed bed and the packing may be characterized as one where the inside hydraulic radius equals the hydraulic radius of the external flow channels. The washer or scrubber type apparatus is particularly suitable for treating (purifying) materials such as ozone utilized in a deodorizing or disinfecting system.

Claims

1. A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures comprising,

a force main carrying a liquid,

a flat plate orifice, said flat plate orifice causing a downstream vena contracta portion in said liquid,

said flat plate orifice located in said main,

the diameter of said orifice ranging from about 0.7 to about 0.9 of the diameter of said main,

an injector means for introducing an amount of a gas into said main,

said injection means having a small pipe, said pipe having a tip,

said gas flowing through said pipe tip,

said pipe tip located in said vena contracta portion so that said gas is dispersed into said liquid,

said small pipe tip being located at about 0.25 to about 0.5 main diameters downstream from said flat plate orifice,

said vena contracta portion located in the central portion of said main,

and the amount of said introduced gas being in excess of that required to saturate said liquid so as to dampen surge pressures.

2. A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures according to claim 1, wherein said main contains at least one turbulence causing device located downstream from said high turbulence causing device, said downstream device being a flat plate orifice.

3. A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures according to claim 2, including a downstream turbulence causing device being located at least 40 main diameters downstream.

4. A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures according to claim 1, wherein said gas is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ozone in a carrier gas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, natural gas, exhaust gas and distillate gas.

5. A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures according to claim 1, wherein said force main is located in a system selected from the class consisting of a waste water collection system, a waste water treatment system, and a fluid transmission system.

6. A surge suppression system according to claim 1, wherein the location of said small pipe tip is from 0.36 to 0.39 main diameters downstream.

7. A surge suppression system according to claim 6, wherein said pipe tip has a small taper.

8. A surge suppression system according to claim 7, wherein said pipe tip is located at about 0.375 diameters downstream from said flat plate orifice.

9. A surge suppression system according to claim 1, wherein said injected gas is selected from the class consisting of oxygen, ozone in a carrier gas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, natural gas, exhaust gas and distillate gas.

10. A surge suppression system according to claim 9, wherein said carrier gas is selected from the class consisting of air, oxygen enriched air, and oxygen.

11. A surge suppression system according to claim 9, including a downstream turbulent causing device being located at least 40 diameters downstream from said flat plate orifice.