Regulated uninterruptible power supply

• US 4,038,559 A
• Filed: 01/23/1976
• Issued: 07/26/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 01/23/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Chun, Ping Sun, Gardner, Kenneth William, Clarke, Patrick William
• Primary Examiner(s): Schaefer, Robert K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ginsburg, Morris
• Application Number:
  US05/651,644
• Time in Patent Office: 550 Days
• Field of Search: 307/64, 307/51, 307/66, 307/43, 307/23, 307/85, 307/86, 307/72, 340/333, 321/2, 321/18
• US Class Current: 307/64
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/062 for AC powered loads
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3378 in a push-pull configuration of the parallel type H02M3/3374 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/70 Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies

Abstract

An uninterruptible power supply derives regulated power from either a primary power source or a reserve power source. A power flow control unit derives the output power as needed from either one or both power sources. Its operating characteristics are selected so that complicated transfer and disconnect circuitry is eliminated.

Claims

1. An uninterruptible power supply comprising

a power transformer including a first, second, and third access winding,

means for accepting an AC source coupled to said first winding,

means for accepting a load coupled to said second winding,

power flow control means including gating means coupled to said third winding, means for accepting a reserve source of energy coupled to said gating means, first means for controlling said gating means in order to short-circuit said third winding for controlled intervals of time, and second means for controlling said gating means to enable power flow from said reserve source of energy to said second winding.

2. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for accepting an AC source includes a frequency responsive impedance, said AC source selected to have an operation frequency at which the impedance magnitude of said frequency responsive impedance is low and said gating means operating at a frequency at which the impedance of said frequency responsive impedance is high.

3. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 1 wherein said gating means comprises a first and second transistor connected in series, conductively poled in opposite directions and shunted across said third winding and a first and second diode shunting said first and second transistor and poled in a direction opposite to the transistor conductivity.

4. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 3 wherein said first means for controlling said gating means includes means for monitoring a load voltage and pulse generating means responsive to said means for monitoring for generating a pulse to bias said first and second transistors simultaneously conducting for a controlled time interval, and said second means for controlling includes means for generating a drive signal to extend conduction in one of said first and second transistors beyond the interval of simultaneous conduction.

5. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 4 wherein said second means for controlling includes means for alternating the extension of conduction from one to another of said first and second transistors.

6. An uninterruptible power supply comprising

a power transformer having first and second primary windings and a secondary winding,

means for accepting an AC signal having a first frequency including a frequency responsive impedance coupled to said first primary winding, said impedance being relatively small at the first frequency of the AC signal,

means for controlling power flow through said power transformer coupled to said second primary winding including means for accepting a source of DC voltage, energy storage means for storing energy from said source of DC voltage, switching means for selectively connecting a first and second conducting path arrangement in response to a signal condition of said secondary winding, said first conducting path arrangement operating to short-circuit said second primary winding for a controlled time interval to pulse modulate transmission from said first primary winding to said secondary winding and said second conducting path arrangement operating to couple said energy storage means to deliver power at a second frequency higher than said first frequency to said secondary winding to supplement energy from said first primary winding.

7. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 6 wherein said frequency responsive impedance comprises a linear inductor.

8. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 6 wherein said energy storage means comprises an energy storage inductor connected in said second conducting path arrangement.

9. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 6 wherein said switching means comprises a first and second switching transistor connected in series and shunting said second primary winding, a junction of said first and second transistors being coupled through said energy storage means to a midpoint of said second primary winding wherein said first conducting path arrangement includes said first and second transistors simultaneously biased conducting and said second conducting path arrangement includes one of said first and second transistors biased conducting to complete a conduction path through said energy storage means, said midpoint of said second primary winding and a portion of said second primary winding.

10. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 9 wherein said first and second transistors are each shunted by a first and second diode poled in a direction opposite the conductivity polarity of the first and second transistors whereby the polarity of the AC signal controls a current direction flow in the first conducting path arrangement to achieve coherency.

11. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 6 further including means for limiting the voltage across said energy storage means.

12. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 11 wherein said energy storage means comprises an energy storage inductor and said means for limiting includes a winding magnetically coupled to said energy storage inductor and a diode connected in series thereto, said diode and winding shunting said means for accepting a source of DC voltage.

13. An uninterruptible power supply comprising

first input means including means to accept a source of primary power,

second input means including means to accept a source of reserve power,

output means to accept a load to be energized,

a power flow path means coupling said first and second input means to said output means, and

power flow control means including control circuit means for controlling the flow of energy from said first and second input means through said power flow path means to said output means including gating means connected to said second input means for disabling power transmission through said power flow path means for controlled intervals of time in order to modulate power flow from said first input means to said output means and means for delivering power from the source of reserve power to said output means including energy storage means operative for storing energy in response to operation of said gating means in disabling power transmission through said power flow control means, said gating means being operative in response to said control circuit means to couple energy from said energy storage means to said second input means.

14. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 13 wherein said power flow path means includes a magnetic flux medium and said first and second input means and said output means includes first and second input windings and an output winding enclosing at least a portion of said magnetic flux medium.

15. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 14 wherein said gating means includes a first and second switching device connected in series and shunting said second input winding and operative to disable power transmission through said power flow path means by shorting said second input winding.

16. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 14 wherein said gating means which includes a first and second switching device joined at a common node, connected in series and shunting said second input winding, said second input winding including a center tap, said energy storage means and said reserve source of power connected in series and coupling said common node to said center tap wherein energy is stored in said energy storage means by biasing both said first and second switching devices simultaneously conducting and power is delivered to said second input winding by selectively biasing one of said first and second switching devices conducting whereby power is delivered to a portion of said second input winding as defined by said center tap.

17. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 16 wherein said energy storage means comprises an energy storage inductor and said power supply further comprising voltage clamping means to limit the voltage across said first and second switching device including a series connected diode and a second inductor winding magnetically coupled to said energy storage inductor and connected in shunt with said means to accept a source of reserve power.

18. An uninterruptible power supply comprising

first, second, and third windings magnetically coupled,

means for accepting an AC signal having a first frequency including a frequency responsive impedance coupled to said first winding and having a low impedance at said first frequency,

power flow control means coupled to said second winding including first control means for repetitively shorting said second winding for controlled time intervals to provide modulated power flow at a second frequency significantly higher than said first frequency from said first winding to said third winding,

means for determining the adequacy of said modulated power flow,

means to accept a reserve power source,

energy storage means for storing energy from said means to accept a reserve power source and second control means for enabling said energy storage means to deliver energy from said second winding to said third winding when said modulated power flow is inadequate.

19. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 18 wherein said power flow control means includes first and second switching devices connected in series and shunting said second winding, said second winding having a center tap and said first and second switching devices being joined at a common node, said reserve power source and said energy storage means being connected in series and coupling said center tap to said common node.

20. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 19 wherein said first and second switching devices are simultaneously biased conducting to short said second winding and one of said first and second switching devices biased conducting and the other biased nonconducting in order to deliver energy from said energy storage means to said second winding.

21. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 20 wherein said energy storage means is an energy storage inductor and further including clamping means for limiting the voltage across said first and second switching devices including a fourth winding magnetically coupled to said energy storage inductor, a diode connected in series thereto and the series connected diode and fourth winding shunting said means to accept a reserve power source.

22. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 18 wherein said frequency responsive impedance is a linear inductor.

23. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 18 wherein said third winding is coupled to means for accepting a load to be energized.

24. A no-break power supply for providing uninterruptible power to a load comprising

a high reactance transformer including first and second primary windings and a secondary winding, said second primary winding including a center tap,

means for controlling the flow of energy between said first and second primary windings and said secondary winding including first and second switching devices connected in series, joined by a common node, and coupled across said second primary winding,

input means for accepting a source of direct current energy,

inductive means for storing energy connected to said means for accepting a source of direct current energy, said input means and inductive means connected in series and coupling said center tap to said common node,

whereby said first and second switching devices are controlled to be simultaneously conducting to short said second primary winding to control power flow from said first primary winding to said secondary winding and are selectively controlled so that one of said first and second switching devices is singly conducting subsequent to a simultaneously conducting state of said first and second switching devices to permit supplementary power flow from said inductive means to said secondary winding.