Hybrid powered automobile

• US 4,042,056 A
• Filed: 11/21/1975
• Issued: 08/16/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 11/21/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Automobile Corporation of America
• Original Assignee: Automobile Corporation of America
• Inventors: Horwinski, Elwood R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Peters, Jr., Joseph F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Smith, Milton L.
• Application Number:
  US05/634,263
• Time in Patent Office: 634 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65 A, 180/65 R, 180/68.5, 180/44 E, 180/44 M, 180/54 R, 180/54 C, 290/9, 290/10, 290/11, 290/12, 290/13, 290/14, 290/15, 290/16, 290/17, 290/18, 290/19, 290/45, 290/50, 192/.033, 310/83
• US Class Current: 180/65.25
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/348 having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed B60K17/346 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/356 having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel B60K7/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 23/08 for changing number of driven wheels , for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles B60K17/3515 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/387 Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/52 Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/543 the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/914 Actuated, e.g. engaged or disengaged by electrical, hydraulic or mechanical means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/916 with plurality of drive axles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/918 Continuously variable

Abstract

A gasoline and battery-powered electric automobile wherein the start and the running of the car are effected by an electric motor except in circumstances where the battery charge is depleted, in which case the normal cruising and higher speeds are then obtained using a gasoline or internal combustion engine which can be cut in either automatically or at will. The electric motor is powered by storage batteries that can be recharged from a generator driven by the internal combustion engine, or else from house current. One pair of wheels of the vehicle is powered by the internal combustion engine through a magnetic clutch and differential. The other set of wheels is powered through an infinitely variable mechanical transmission comprising cone pulleys or cone chains whose ratio is power-controlled in accordance with the driver'"'"'s desires or else with the speed of the vehicle. The infinitely variable transmission has a very high speed-ratio for starting the vehicle, after which the speed ratio reduces either automatically or under the driver'"'"'s direction as the vehicle gains speed. In cases where the battery charge is, say, below one half of the fully-charged condition, the car upon attainment of a predetermined cruising speed will discontinue driving of the electric powered means, and this can be replaced by the internal combustion engine. Thus, with the arrangement disclosed, city driving can be characterized by the use of electrical power whereby air pollution is nil. Only minimal polluting exhaust occurs for higher speed driving, as along highways and the like, in those cases wherein the battery charge is below one half.

Claims

1. A hybrid powered automobile, comprising in combination:

a. a vehicle having wheels,

b. electric storage batteries,

c. an internal combustion engine,

d. an electric generator driven by said engine and connected to charge said batteries,

e. means including a clutch, providing a drive from the engine to wheels of the vehicle,

f. an electric drive motor,

g. means for energizing the drive motor from the batteries,

h. a variable-ratio mechanical transmission between the drive motor and other wheels of the vehicle, for imparting an electrical drive to the latter, and

i. automatic power means responsive to variation in the current drawn by, and consequently the loading of, the drive motor for altering the ratio of the mechanical transmission according to the load the vehicle imposes on said motor.

2. An automobile as in claim 1, wherein:

a. said automatic means includes an electrically operative switch responsive to current drawn by the drive motor.

3. A hybrid powered automobile, comprising in combination:

a. a vehicle having wheels,

b. electric storage batteries,

c. an internal combustion engine,

d. an electric generator driven by said engine and connected to charge said batteries,

e. means including a clutch, providing a drive from the engine to wheels of the vehicle,

f. an electric drive motor,

g. means for energizing the drive motor from the batteries,

h. a variable-ratio mechanical transmission between the drive motor and other wheels of the vehicle, for imparting an electrical drive to the latter,

i. power means for altering the ratio of the mechanical transmission,

j. means responsive to current drawn by the drive motor, for controlling said power means which alters the transmission ratio,

k. said mechanical transmission comprising cone pulleys,

l. said power means comprising a hydraulic cylinder for altering the pulley diameters,

m. said current-responsive means comprising a relay and an electric-powered pump connected with the cylinder and controlled by said relay.

4. An automobile as in claim 3, wherein:

a. said power means includes an electric bleeder valve connected with the cylinder and controlled by said relay.

5. An automobile as in claim 4, wherein:

a. the relay has a null position which neither energizes the pump or the bleeder valve.

6. A hybrid powered automobile, comprising in combination:

a. a vehicle having wheels,

b. electric storage batteries,

c. an internal combustion engine having an ignition circuit,

d. an electric generator driven by said engine and connected to charge said batteries,

e. means including a clutch, providing a drive from the engine to wheels of the vehicle,

f. an electric drive motor,

g. means for energizing the drive motor from the batteries,

h. a variable-ratio mechanical transmission between the drive motor and other wheels of the vehicle, for imparting an electrical drive to the latter,

i. means responsive to changes in the electrolyte of the storage batteries, for switching the ignition circuit of the internal combustion engine to control the operation thereof,

j. said means for switching the engine ignition circuit including a float switch carried by one of the batteries and immersed in the electrolyte thereof.