Apparatus for saturated gas delivery

• US 4,051,205 A
• Filed: 09/10/1975
• Issued: 09/27/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/1972
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Graham Cameron Grant
• Original Assignee: Graham Cameron Grant
• Inventors: Grant, Graham Cameron
• Primary Examiner(s): Miles, Tim R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chiesa, Richard L.
• Application Number:
  US05/612,149
• Time in Patent Office: 748 Days
• Field of Search: 261/142, 261/152, 261/153, 261/119 R, 261/130, 261/70, 261/DIG. 65, 261/66, 128/186, 128/188, 128/192-194, 219/271-273, 219/275, 219/276, 219/311, 219/362, 219/307, 219/306, 215/222, 248/74 A, 248/74 B
• US Class Current: 261/70
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/08 Bellows; Connecting tubes having means for taking samples G01N1/22; Water traps; Patient circuits
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0841 for sampling
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/1075 by influencing the temperature A61M16/1045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/1085 after being humidified or mixed with a beneficial agent
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/109 the humidifying liquid or the beneficial agent
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/1095 in the connecting tubes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/167 acting vertically on the valve
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 261/65 Vaporizers

Abstract

Apparatus for humidifying a gas stream comprises a transparent reservoir having a top cap and connected via a float controlled valve chamber beneath to a humidifying chamber. The valve maintains a desired water level in the humidification chamber which has a heated floor and gas inlet and outlet ports in its top. Gas flowing between the ports is humidified to a figure approaching 80% and has its temperature raised to a higher temperature than is required at a point of use. The humidified gas flows through a hose which controls the cooling of the humidified gas so that 100% saturation cannot occur until the gas reaches the outlet of the delivery hose at the point of use. The temperatures of the hose and humidification chamber are separately controlled by their own control loops. The float chamber, reservoir and humidification chamber are made of the transparent material and the float and humidification chambers share a common metallic base which is readily detachable for cleaning.

Claims

1. Humidifying apparatus comprising a reservoir chamber, a float chamber located beneath said reservoir chamber, a valve between said reservoir and float chambers, a float in said float chamber operatively controlling said valve whereby liquid is admitted from said reservoir chamber to said float chamber to maintain the liquid level therein sensibly constant when the apparatus is in use, a humidifying chamber surrounding said float chamber and which contains liquid vapour, means permitting equalizing of liquid levels in said float chamber and said humidifying chamber by allowing liquid flow from the float chamber to said humidifying chamber, a gas entry port leading into the upper portion of said humidifying chamber for admitting gas which is to be humidified thereto, a humidified gas exit port remote from said gas entry port and leading from the upper portion of said humidifying chamber, a flexible hose leading from said gas exit port and for conveying the humidified gas therefrom to a point of use, a heating element extending along said flexible hose, a gas temperature sensing element located at the gas outlet end of said hose, first electrical connections extending from said temperature sensing element, second electrical connections extending from said heating element, a temperature sensor in said humidifying chamber, third electrical connections extending from said sensor, a stand, a heater in said stand for heating said humidifying chamber, control circuitry having inputs receiving the first, second and third connections respectively and controlling operation of the hose heating element and said heater, independently operating closed loop control circuits of which the first automatically controls the hose heating element in response to the output of the temperature sensing element and the second automatically controls the heater in response to the output of the temperature sensor, and alarm circuitry monitoring the first and second control loops and providing a warning if, during operation of the apparatus, any of a number of predetermined hazard conditions develop.

2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, in which the humidifying chamber is annular and separated by a slotted predominantly circular wall from the float chamber, said wall being sealed at its top end to the humidifying chamber so that two separate parallel arcuate gas flow paths are provided therein between said gas inlet port and said gas exit port.

3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, in which the reservoir is sealed when closed by a top cap and the top of the float chamber lies beneath the level of the gas exit port whereby water cannot flow from the reservoir, when closed, into the chamber to block the gas flow path therein between the gas inlet port and the gas exit port if the water level within the float chamber rises, through a valve malfunction, to the top of the float chamber.

4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, in which the temperature sensor is combined in a single element with electrodes between which the electrical resistance is a function of the presence or absence of water between them, such single element is removably supported within said humidifying chamber to facilitate cleaning, and fourth connections extend upwardly from the electrodes of said element to pass through closed openings in the chamber and to lead to the control circuitry to provide an alarm therefrom if the water level in the humidifying chamber falls to a level at which said electrodes are no longer immersed in water in the chamber.

5. Humidifying apparatus comprising a cylindrical water reservoir chamber, a float chamber located beneath said reservoir chamber, a valve between said reservoir and said float chambers, a float in said chamber operatively controlling said valve whereby water is admitted from said reservoir chamber to said float chamber to maintain the water level therein sensibly constant when the apparatus is in use, a humidifying chamber surrounding said float chamber and for accumulating water vapour necessary for humidification, an apertured wall separating said float chamber from said humidifying chamber and allowing water flow through the aperture to replace the water vapourized in the humidifying chamber, a metal base plate spanning across the underside of said humidifying chamber and said float chamber with a clearance between said wall and said plate, removable compressed sealing means between the under peripheral rim of the humidifying chamber and the plate, detachable clamping means holding said base plate in a position closing said humidifying chamber and providing the floor thereof, a gas entry port leading into the upper portion of said humidifying chamber for admitting gas to be humidified thereto, a humidified gas exit port remote from said gas entry port and leading from the upper portion of said humidifying chamber to convey humidified gas therefrom, a flexible hose leading from said gas exit port for conveying the humidified gas to a point of use, a heating element extending along said flexible hose, a gas temperature sensing element located at the gas outlet end of said hose, first electrical connections extending from said temperature sensing element, second electrical connections extending from said heating element, a temperature sensor in said humidifying chamber, third electrical connections extending from said sensor, a stand, a heater in said stand for heating said humidifier chamber, control circuitry having inputs receiving the first, second and third connections respectively and controlling operation of the hose heating element and said heater, first and second independently operating closed loop control circuits of which the first automatically controls the hose heating element in response to the output of the gas temperature sensing element and the second automatically controls the heater in response to the output of the temperature sensor, and alarm circuitry monitoring the first and second control loops and providing a warning if, during operation of the apparatus, any of a number of predetermined hazard conditions develop.

6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said reservoir chamber, said float chamber and said humidifying chamber have their walls formed by respective parts of an integrally moulded structure which also has a part extending transversely of said walls and separating the wall portion of the reservoir chamber from the wall portions of said humidifying chamber and said float chamber which are arranged one within the other.

7. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said reservoir chamber is an upright cylinder, said float chamber is also an upright generally cylindrical chamber located beneath said reservoir chamber, a horizontally extending floor to said reservoir provides the ceiling of said float chamber and is apertured to allow a valve-controlled flow of water therethrough, said humidifying chamber is annular and encircles said float chamber and its upper end lies above the ceiling thereof, the gas inlet and gas exit ports being positioned above the level of said ceiling and in said humidifying chamber, peripheral horizontally extending surfaces are provided outside said humidifying chamber, and turnbuckles attach the base plate in position and engage said horizontally extending surfaces with a wedging action to force the base plate tightly against the underside of the humidifying chamber to form a seal therebetween.

8. Humidifying apparatus comprising a closable reservoir chamber, a float chamber located beneath said reservoir chamber, a valve between said reservoir and float chambers, a float in said float chamber operatively controlling liquid flow through said valve whereby liquid is admitted from said reservoir chamber to said float chamber to maintain the liquid level therein sensibly constant when the apparatus is in use, a humidifying chamber surrounding said float chamber and for storing water vapour for gas humidification the upper portion of said humidifying chamber being annular and extending above the level of said valve, means permitting equalizing of liquid levels by the flow of liquid from said float chamber to said humidifying chamber to replace liquid therein as it is vaporized, a gas entry port leading into said upper annular portion of said humidifying chamber for admitting gas which is to be humidified thereto, a humidified gas exit port remote from said gas entry port and leading from said upper annular portion of said humidifying chamber and through which humidified gas leaves said chamber, a flexible hose leading from said gas exit port and for conveying the humidified gas therefrom to a point of use, a heating element extending along said flexible hose, a gas temperature sensing element located at the gas outlet end of said hose, first electrical connections extending from said temperature sensing element, second electrical connections extending from said heating element, a temperature sensor in said humidifying chamber, third electrical connections extending from said sensor, a stand, a heater in said stand for heating said humidifier chamber, control circuitry having inputs receiving the first, second and third connections respectively and controlling operation of the hose heating element and said heater, first and second independently operating closed loop control circuits of which the first automatically controls the hose heating element in response to the output of the gas temperature sensing element and the second automatically controls the heater in response to the output of the temperature sensor, removable clips encircling said hose and clamping to it at spaced intervals along its length said first electrical connections provided by a cable, a nozzle member provided at the end of said hose remote from said humidifying chamber, a temperature sensing probe constituting said temperature sensing element and removably fitted to said nozzle, and alarm circuitry monitoring the first and second control loops and providing a warning if, during operation of the apparatus, any of a number of predetermined hazard conditions develop.

9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, in which the reservoir, float and humidifying chambers have their walls formed from a unitary moulding made of transparent polycarbonate material, a base plate detachably attached to provide the floors of the float and humidifying chambers is made of metal, the control circuitry and water heater are provided in the stand, sealing means in compression are provided between the base plate and the outside wall of the humidifying chamber to provide a watertight seal therebetween whereas an annular gap spaces the base plate beneath the under rim of the float chamber wall so that water can circulate through the gap from the float chamber to the humidifying chamber, and the underside of the base plate is thermally insulated from a top surface of the stand on which is carried the weight of the chambers and their contents.