Large area motion sensor using pseudo-random coding technique

• US 4,051,472 A
• Filed: 01/02/1976
• Issued: 09/27/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 04/08/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ITT Corporation (ITT, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation
• Inventors: Albanese, Damian F., Waer, Richard R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hubler, Malcolm F.
• Application Number:
  US05/646,289
• Time in Patent Office: 634 Days
• Field of Search: 343/5 PD, 340/258 A
• US Class Current: 342/28
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/003 Bistatic radar systems; Multistatic radar systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/288 phase modulated
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/56 for presence detection presence detection using near field arrangements G01V3/00, e.g. G01V3/08, G01V3/12; burglar, theft or intruder alarms with electrical actuation G08B13/22 - G08B13/26

Abstract

A system primarily for industrial security; to detect intruder movement in interior areas. A Doppler detecting, bi-static system utilizing range (time-delay) areas of varying shapes. The detection containment obtained is orders of magnitude more absolute than conventional systems which depend on antenna beam shaping to obtain varying detection coverage. Range discrimination is effected by bi-phase modulating the transmitted CW radio frequency waves according to a maximal length pseudo-random code. The autocorrelation function provides the ideal range discrimination response for the application. Omni antenna coverages are provided and a lower rf band is used than in conventional systems for this use, affording lower moving clutter susceptibility and better coverage. The general pseudo-random coding techniques are available within the state of the Radar Arts.

Claims

1. A system for detecting a moving intruder entering within a predetermined area of coverage, comprising:

a pair of substantially omni-directional antennas, one for transmitting and the other for receiving, one of said antennas being located at one of the two foci of an ellipse generally defining the boundary of said predetermined area of coverage and the other antenna being located at the other of said foci;

first means for energizing said transmitting antenna with a pseudo-random coded, bi-phase modulated RF carrier;

second means responsive to said receiving antenna for receiving signals including direct radiation from said transmitting antenna and delayed signals corresponding to reflections from objects illuminated by said transmitting antenna;

third means within said second means for autocorrelating said delayed received signals against said direct radiation received signal to produce an autocorrelation output signal having a maximum value when said coded signals reflected from said illuminated objects arrive at said receiving antenna at substantially the same time as the coded signals received by said direct radiation, said autocorrelation output signal decreasing toward zero amplitude as a function of increasing reflected signal delay as the differential delay between said direct and reflected signals at said receiving antenna approaches one bit duration of said code, thereby to produce a response cut-off perimeter which is along the perimeter of said ellipse substantially bounding said predetermined area.

and a Doppler filter responsive to the output of said third means for passing Doppler signals representative of the velocity of corresponding moving objects within said predetermined area.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said third means comprises means for providing a product of said delayed and direct signals, the output of which inherently contains frequency components representative of said Doppler signals.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2 in which said third means comprises a superheterodyne mixer, the output of which inherently contains said Doppler signals as a modulation on the received bi-phase modulated signals converted to the IF domain.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said Doppler filter comprises a low-pass filter having a high end cut-off frequency high enough to accommodate the highest expected Doppler frequency corresponding to the maximum anticipated rate of movement of said intruder.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4 including a threshold circuit providing an output signal whenever the amplitude of the Doppler signal from said Doppler filter exceeds a predetermined level.

6. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said first means comprises an RF source of generating the RF carrier of said system;

a bi-phase modulator connected to modulate said carrier, and a pseudo-random coder including a clock circuit connected to control the bit rate of said coder, said coder producing a pseudo-random sequence, for modulating said carrier through said bi-phase modulator;

said clock circuit being frequency controllable, thereby to control the area within said ellipse and its lateral points of tangency.

7. Apparatus according to claim 6 in which said Doppler filter comprises a low-pass filter having a high end cut-off frequency high enough to accommodate the highest expected Doppler frequency corresponding to the maximum anticipated rate of movement of said intruder.

8. Apparatus according to claim 6 in which integrating means are included and are connected to integrate said Doppler filter output, thereby to avoid generation of an output signal from said threshold circuit corresponding to moving objects within said area of coverage which exhibit reciprocating motion.