Multi-target tracker for tracking near co-range targets

• US 4,052,721 A
• Filed: 12/22/1975
• Issued: 10/04/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 04/14/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: RCA Corporation
• Inventors: Ross, Walter Lee
• Primary Examiner(s): Hubler, Malcolm F.
• Application Number:
  US05/643,478
• Time in Patent Office: 652 Days
• Field of Search: 343/6.5 LC
• US Class Current: 342/30
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/68 for angle tracking only
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/79 Systems using random coded signals or random pulse repetition frequencies , e.g. "Separation and Control of Aircraft using Non synchronous Techniques" [SECANT]
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/933 of aircraft or spacecraft

Abstract

A digital tracker in a cooperative collision avoidance system capable of generating track gates and determining critical values of tau (time to collision) for at least 16 targets and to determine the presence of two targets of substantially similar ranges and to track two such co-range targets.

Claims

1. In combination,

means for tracking reply signals from remote vehicles responding to interrogating signals;

means for distinguishing reply signals of one remote vehicle from the reply signals of another remote vehicle having a range that is nearly the same range as said one vehicle by generating first and second timing signals indicative of the receipt of a first reply signal closely followed by a second reply signal;

means responsive to said first and second timing signals for detecting respectively the leading edge and trailing edge of the respective reply signals and generating first and second tracking signals corresponding thereto;

sequential storage means having a plurality of stages for storing each of said first and second tracking signals in a stage having a location corresponding to the range of each of said remote stations, each stage corresponding to a predetermined increment in range;

clock means for clocking said storage means to sequentially transfer said tracking signals from stage to stage so that each signal is in a stage corresponding to the relative difference in range of each of said replying remote vehicles;

means responsive to said reply signals for servoing said tracking signals to advance or retard the position of said tracking signals in said storage means following each reply signal such that the tracking signal is in substantial coincidence with the respective one of each of said reply signals, whereby the relative range of each of said plurality of replying remote vehicles is determined by tracking said reply signals.

2. In a radar tracking system of the transponder type wherein reply signals from one or more remote stations are respectively responsive to interrogation signals having a predetermined repetition rate during a selected period, said period being defined by a predetermined number of said interrogation signals, said system including correlator means including means for generating said interrogation signals, and for correlating replies thereto to identify remote stations and to provide, only during a preselected period prior to said selected period, a hand-over signal representing each of such remote stations,

a tracker for tracking said reply signals comprising:

remote station counter means responsive to said hand-over signals to count the number of remote vehicles identified by said hand-over signals and for providing a discrete address signal designating respectively each correlated remote station, said address signal represented by said count indicating the order of receipt of said hand-over signals following each interrogation signal during said pre-selected period;

random access memory (RAM) means, having an address input and a control signal input, for storing data representing said hand-over signal and the count of each respective remote station manifested by each of said hand-over signals;

track mode means responsive to said hand-over signals for generating a first digital bit signal that represents a remote station having a range that is relatively widely separated from the range of the remote station represented by the immediately preceding hand-over signal and generating a second digital bit signal that represents a remote station having a range nearly the same as the range of the first digital bit signal;

said RAM means including means for generating a first steering control signal responsive to said address and first digital bit signal indicative of reply signals from remote stations that are respectively in sequence relatively widely separated in range and a second steering control signal responsive to said second digital bit signal indicative of reply signals of remote stations that are nearly of the same range as a remote station represented by the preceding digital bit signal;

sequential storage means having a plurality of stages for storing each of said first and second digital bit signals in a stage having a location corresponding to the relative range of each of said remote stations, each stage corresponding to a predetermined increment in range;

clock means for clocking said storage means during said selected period to thereby sequentially transfer said bit signals from stage to stage so that each bit signal is in a stage corresponding to the relative difference in range of each of said replying remote stations;

means responsive to said first and second steering control signals for selectively steering said bit signals into said storage means in the respective sequential order as received in accordance with the relative difference in range between each of the reply remote stations; and

track gate means for controlling a detector responsive to said reply signals received during said selected period for generating a count signal to advance said counter means for each reply signal that is nearly coincident with a digital bit signal in said sequential storage means, and to advance or retard the position following each reply signal of each of said bit signals in said storage means such that said respective bit signals are servoed to be in substantial coincidence with the respective one of each of said reply signals, whereby the relative range of each of a plurality of replying remote stations is determined by tracking said reply signals.

3. A tracker according to claim 2 wherein said sequential storage means includes:

a first and a second shift register each shift register having a plurality of predetermined stages and an input and a plurality of output stages and further includes a third shift register having its input stage coupled to said output stages of said first and second shift registers, the output of said third shift being coupled by a coincidence gate to the respective inputs of said first and second shift registers,

each stage adapted to store one of said binary bit signals and to transfer sequentially in response to said clock signals a bit stored in any of said stages,

said steering means including means to steer said first and second digital bit signals respectively into the input stage of the first and second shift registers by enabling the coincidence gate associated with said shift register input stage.

4. A tracker according to claim 3 wherein said track gate means includes a first and second set of gates coupled to said first and second shift registers to enable a respective first and second detector to detect the leading edge and trailing edge of reply signals associated with the respective first and second digital bits, whereby reply signals representing remote stations having nearly the same range are tracked in said first and second shift registers and separated sufficiently in corresponding relative stage positions to be identified and tracked as different remote stations.

5. A tracker according to claim 2 further including means for determining tau for each of said remote stations, said tau determining means including:

range counter means responsive to each of said interrogation signals and said clock means for providing a range signal that increments with each clock signal indicative thereby of an instantaneous count representative of range;

storage register means responsive to each of said count signals to receive and store the contents of said range counter means;

means for incrementing for a first number of interrogation signals and decrementing for a second number of interrogation signals the contents of said storage register,

subtracting means for subtracting the contents of said incrementing/decrementing means for a constant (1/K1) determinative of a selected value of tau,

a second random access memory (RAM) means addressed by said remote station counter means for storing output data of the output of said subtractor associated with the count signals of each of said remote stations,

the data in said second RAM comprising a first group of bits representing the adjusted contents of said storage register and a second group of bits representing said constant, said first group of bits being applied to said incrementing/decrementing means and said second group of bits being applied to said subtractor in response to each address to alter the contents of said subtracting means as the range of each respective remote station may change,

and means for comparing the contents of said subtracting means to a second constant to determine tau when said contents exceeds a predetermined value, and to provide an alarm if an exceedance occurs.