Method of tagging with color-coded microparticles

• US 4,053,433 A
• Filed: 02/19/1975
• Issued: 10/11/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 02/19/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Inventors: Lee, Pui Kum
• Primary Examiner(s): Padgett, Benjamin R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Gron, T. S.
• Application Number:
  US05/551,061
• Time in Patent Office: 965 Days
• Field of Search: 252/301.1 R, 252/301.1 L, 252/408, 252/62.1 P, 252/62.53, 252/62.54, 252/301.2 R, 252/301.3 R, 149/21, 149/18, 149/2, 44/51, 44/59, 428/407, 428/383, 428/378
• US Class Current: 252/408.1
• CPC Class Codes: C06B 23/008 Tagging additives
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06009 with optically detectable marking G06K19/063, G06K19/08 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2019/06225 using wavelength selection, e.g. colour code
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2019/06234 miniature-code
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2019/06243 concentric-code
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 3/00 Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means medals or badges A44C3/00; making labels B31D1/02; sheets temporarily attached together B42F; labelling B65C; labels on record carriers G11B23/38, G11B23/40; Seals; Postage or like stamps
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 149/123 Tagged compositions for identifying purposes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 252/965 Retrospective product identification, e.g. tags and tracers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2929 Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2938 Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2944 Free metal in coating
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2947 Synthetic resin or polymer in plural coatings, each of different type
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2998 including synthetic resin or polymer

Abstract

An improvement in the known method of tagging individual units of production of a substance with microparticles for retrospective identification is disclosed. The improvement comprises the use of microparticles which are encoded with an orderly sequence of visually distinguishable colored segments. Decoding of the microparticles can be accomplished with a microscope or other magnifying device.

Claims

1. In a method of tagging individual units of production of a substance with microparticles for the purpose of retrospective identification including the steps of:

(1) providing an inventory of batches of microparticles, each batch being uniquely coded, (2) maintaining a record of the unique code employed in each batch and (3) incorporating microparticles from any one batch with only one unit of production of a substance, the improvement comprising the use of microparticles which comprise compilations of, and are encoded according to, a particular orderly sequence of visually color distinguishable dyed and/or pigmented layers of organic materials, each said microparticle being 1 to 1000 micrometers at its broadest dimension across the color sequence, which inventory includes up to (C)(C-1)^n-1 uniquely coded batches of microparticles where C is the number of available colors and n is the number of layers in the sequence.

2. Method of tagging according to claim 1 wherein said microparticles are incorporated into said substance in a concentration of 0.0001 to 1 part by weight for every 100 parts by weight of the substance.

3. Method of tagging according to claim 1 wherein each said microparticle is 50 to 1000 micrometers at its broadest dimension across the color sequence.

4. Method of tagging according to claim 2 wherein said microparticles comprise up to 30 percent by weight of a magnetic substance which permits retrieval of said microparticles with a magnet.

5. Method of tagging according to claim 3 wherein each microparticle comprises a solid nucleus having coated thereon concentric layers of said visually color distinguishable organic material, with no two adjacent layers of the same color.

6. Method of tagging according to claim 5 wherein said layers are formed from pigmented polymeric material.

7. Method according to claim 6 wherein the layers are formed from pigmented mixtures of polyamide and epoxy resins.

8. Method of tagging according to claim 5 wherein said nuclei are essentially spherical particles between 50 and 200 micrometers in diameter.

9. Method of tagging according to claim 5 wherein said nuclei are monofilaments 25 to 200 micrometers in diameter.

10. Method of tagging according to claim 9 wherein the monofilaments are polyolefin monofilaments.

11. Method of tagging according to claim 3 wherein each of said microparticles is a generally rectangular hexahedron and said sequence is provided by a series of layers generally parallel to one face.

12. Method of tagging according to claim 11 wherein said microparticles are formed from colored polyethylene films.

13. A plurality of batches of microparticles to be used for tagging individual units of production of a substance to permit retrospective identification of those units the microparticles each batch comprise compilations of, and are uniformly and uniquely encoded according to, a particular orderly sequence of visually color distinguishable dyed and/or pigmented layers of organic materials, there being at least three colored layers in the sequence, and each microparticle being 1 to 1000 micrometers in its broadest dimension across the color sequence.

14. A plurality of batches of microparticles according to claim 13 wherein each of said microparticles comprise a solid nucleus having coated thereon concentric layers of said visually color distinguishable organic materials which in section provide said sequence.

15. A plurality of batches of microparticles according to claim 14 wherein said nucleus is essentially spherical.

16. A plurality of batches of microparticles according to claim 14 wherein said nucleus is a monofilament.

17. A plurality of batches of microparticles according to claim 13 wherein each of said microparticles is a generally rectangular hexahedron and said sequence is provided by a series of layers generally parallel to one face.

18. A plurality of batches of microparticles according to claim 13 wherein each of said microparticles comprises up to 30 percent by weight of a magnetic substance which permits retrieval of said microparticles with a magnet.