Magnetic reader for bar encoded characters

• US 4,053,737 A
• Filed: 06/25/1976
• Issued: 10/11/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 06/25/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Recognition International, Inc. (BancTec Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Recognition Equipment Incorporated
• Inventors: Lafevers, James O., Kao, Charles T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kilgore, Robert M.
• Application Number:
  US05/700,027
• Time in Patent Office: 473 Days
• Field of Search: 340/146.3 C, 340/146.3 Z, 340/149 A, 235/61.7 A, 235/61.11 E, 235/61.6 E, 235/61.6 B, 235/61.12 N, 235/61.11 D, 250/568, 250/569
• US Class Current: 235/449
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/98 Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern or by human intervention; Evaluation of the quality of the acquired patterns
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/2247 Characters composed of bars, e.g. CMC-7

Abstract

CMC7 characters as coded by variations in spacing between vertical bars of magnetic material are automatically read as they pass a reading electron by separately sensing all magnetic materials in each of a multiplicity of side-by-side paths spanning the height of the characters and extending the length of the field on which the characters may appear to produce a like multiplicity of analog signals. Positive excursions of the signals above a predetermined amplitude level are summed as a first time amplitude function. Negative excursions of the signals above a predetermined level are summed as a second time amplitude function. A first train of pulses is generated, one pulse for each peak in the sum of the positive excursions. A second train of pulses is generated on pulse for each peak in the sum of the negative excursions. Signals are produced from the first and the second trains representative of leading and trailing edges of bars forming the character for identification of each character in dependence upon the bar spacings.

Claims

1. A character recognition system for reading bar-space encoded characters printed in magnetic ink on a document surface as it passes a reading station, which comprises:

a. magnetic sensing means for scanning a character and forming bipolar sensor responses indicative of the passage of leading and trailing edges of magnetic material on said surface;

b. analog processor means in electrical communication with said magnetic sensing means for forming normalized leading edge and trailing edge waveforms from said bipolar sensor responses;

c. edge detecting and digitizing means for detecting a character stroke from said leading edge and said trailing edge waveforms and for producing leading edge and trailing edge digital signals;

d. deskew logic means receiving said leading edge and trailing edge digital signals from said edge detecting means for merging duplicate edge signals caused by any oblique scanning of said character;

e. means in electrical communication with said deskew logic means for detecting and repairing missing character stroke edges and missing character strokes from said leading edge and said trailing edge digital signals; and

f. character recognition means receiving corrected leading and trailing edge digital signals from said error correction means for identifying said character.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1, wherein said analog processor means includes:

a. Bessel filter means in electrical communication with said magnetic sensing means for eliminating high frequency noise;

b. absolute value amplifier means in electrical communication with said Bessel filter means for amplifying said bipolar sensor responses and forming therefrom leading and trailing edge signals;

c. first adder means in electrical communication with said absolute value amplifier means for summing said leading edge signals to form a composite leading edge waveform;

d. second adder means in electrical communication with said absolute value amplifier means for summing said trailing edge signals to form a composite trailing edge waveform; and

e. normalizing means operating upon said composite leading edge waveform and said composite trailing edge waveform for providing said leading and said trailing edge waveforms.

3. The combination set forth in claim 1, wherein said edge detecting means includes:

a. peak detection means responsive to said analog processor means for accurately indicating the occurrence of a waveform peak in said leading edge and said trailing edge waveforms;

b. level detection means responsive to said analog processor means for forming a reference pulse width;

c. comparator means responsive to said analog processor means for digitizing said leading edge and said trailing edge waveforms; and

d. pulse width discriminator means in electrical communication with said peak detection means, said level detection means and said comparator means for eliminating pulses from said comparator means having a width less than said reference pulse width.

4. The combination set forth in claim 3, wherein said deskew logic means includes:

a. delay means in electrical communication with said pulse width discriminator means for imparting a delay to said leading edge and said trailing edge digital signals equivalent to a time period within which said duplicate edge signals may occur;

b. counter means in electrical communication with said pulse width discriminator means for counting the time interval between said duplicate edge signals;

c. shift register means in electrical communication with said delay means for providing additional increments of delay to be applied to a first of said duplicate edge signals;

d. multiplexer means receiving the outputs of said shift register means for selecting one of said increments of delay;

e. division means responsive to said counter means for controlling the operation of said multiplexer means; and

f. reset logic means responsive to the output of said multiplexer means for eliminating a second of said duplicate edge signals from said leading edge and said trailing edge digital signals.

5. A magnetic ink character recognition system for reading bar encoded characters, which comprises:

a. magnetic sensing means for scanning a character to form bipolar sensor responses;

b. analog processor means in electrical communication with said magnetic sensing means for forming normalized leading and trailing edge waveforms from said sensor responses;

c. edge detecting means receiving said leading and said trailing edge waveforms for detecting a character stroke signal;

d. deskew logic means receiving digitized leading edge and trailing edge character stroke signals from said edge detecting means for merging adjacent pulses occurring in a time period less than the time separation of two consecutive leading edges or two consecutive trailing edges of said character;

e. horizontal location logic means in electrical communication with said deskew logic means for signaling the presence of said character;

f. error correction means responsive to said horizontal location logic means for repairing missing character stroke edges and missing character strokes in said leading edge and said trailing edge character stroke signals;

g. recognition means in electrical communication with said error correction means for identifying said character from corrected leading and trailing edge character stroke signals;

h. pattern simulator means responsive to external stimuli for providing known character pattern waveforms; and

i. input selector means responsive to said pattern simulator means for routing said bipolar sensor responses and said character pattern waveforms to said analog processor means.

6. The combination set forth in claim 5, wherein said pattern simulator means includes:

a. mode selection decoding means responsive to a first of said external stimuli for controlling the operation of said input selector means;

b. starting character decoding means responsive to a second of said external stimuli for identifying the mode of operation of said pattern simulator means;

c. simulator control means responsive to said mode selection decoding means and said starting character decoding means for identifying selected ones of said character pattern waveforms;

d. character pattern generator means responsive to said simulator control means for generating said selected ones; and

e. control means in electrical communication with said character pattern generator means for amplifying and applying said selected ones to said analog processor means.

7. A character recognition system for reading bar encoded characters printed in magnetic ink on a document surface, which comprises:

a. magnetic sensing means for scanning a character and forming bipolar responses indicative of the occurrence of character stroke edges;

b. edge detecting and digitizing means for detecting a character stroke in said leading edge and said trailing edge components of said responses and for converting the same into digitized character stroke signals;

c. deskew logic means receiving digitized leading edge and trailing edge character stroke signals from said edge detecting means for merging duplicate edge signals caused by any oblique scanning of said character;

d. horizontal location logic means in electrical communication with said deskew logic means for signaling the presence of said character;

e. error correction means in electrical communication with said horizontal location logic means for detecting and repairing missing character stroke edges and missing character strokes in said leading edge and said trailing edge character stroke signals; and

f. character recognition means receiving corrected leading and trailing edge character stroke signals from said error correction means for identifying said character.

8. The combination set forth in claim 7, wherein said horizontal location logic means includes:

a. first shift register delay means in electrical communication with said deskew logic means for imparting a delay to said leading edge and said trailing edge character stroke signals to synchronize the occurrence of said character with a logic window signal;

b. counter means responsive to said leading and said trailing edge character stroke signals for indicating the presence of said character;

c. logic state detector means responsive to said counter means for indicating a change in logic state of said counter means;

d. second shift register delay means in electrical communication with said logic state detector means for imparting a time delay equivalent to the width of said character;

e. logic gating means in electrical communication with said second shift register delay means and responsive to the complement of the output of said counter means for signaling the occurrence of an intercharacter space; and

f. window generating means responsive to said logic gating means for generating said logic window signal during which said character may appear.

9. A character recognition system for reading bar-spaced encoded characters printed in magnetic ink on a document surface as it passes a reading station which comprises:

a. magnetic sensing means for scanning a character and forming bipolar responses indicative of the passage of leading and trailing edges of magnetic material on said surface;

b. edge detecting and digitizing means for detecting a character stroke from leading edge and said trailing edge components of said responses and converting the same into digitized signals;

c. deskew logic means receiving leading edge and trailing edge digital signals from said edge detecting means for merging duplicate edge signals caused by any oblique scanning of said character;

d. horizontal location logic means in electrical communication with said deskew logic means for signaling the presence of said character; and

e. character recognition means responsive to said horizontal location logic means and receiving said leading edge and said trailing edge digital signals for identifying said character passing said reading station.

10. In automatic reading of CMC7 characters as coded by variations in spacing between vertical bars of magnetic material, the method which comprises:

a. separately sensing all magnetic materials in each of a multiplicity of side-by-side paths spanning the height of said characters and extending the length of the field on which said characters may appear to produce a like multiplicity of analog signals;

b. summing as a time amplitude function the positive excursions of said signals above a first predetermined amplitude level;

c. summing as a time amplitude function the negative excursions of said signals above a second predetermined amplitude level;

d. generating a first train of pulses, one for each peak in the sum of said positive excursions;

e. generating a second train of pulses, one for each peak in the sum of said negative excursions; and

f. producing signals from said first and second trains representative of leading and trailing edges of bars forming said character for identification of each character in dependence upon said spacing.

11. A method of identifying magnetic ink bar-space encoded characters, which comprises:

a. scanning said character to sense changes in magnetic flux as said characters pass a reading station;

b. rectifying magnetic sensor responses generated during the scanning of said character to form a leading edge waveform and a trailing edge waveform;

c. normalizing said leading edge waveform and said trailing edge waveform;

d. signaling the occurrence of a waveform peak in said leading edge and said trailing edge waveforms;

e. detecting the amplitude of said leading edge and said trailing edge waveforms to select a first pulse width or a second pulse width;

f. digitizing said leading edge waveform and said trailing edge waveform to form a leading edge digital signal and a trailing edge digital signal;

g. eliminating pulses in said leading edge digital signal occurring at the time of occurence of a leading edge waveform peak wherever a pulse width is less than said first pulse width;

h. eliminating pulses in said trailing edge digital signal occurring at the time of occurrence of a trailing edge waveform peak wherever a pulse width is less than said second pulse width;

i. merging adjacent pulses in said leading edge digital signal occurring within a time period equivalent to the time separation of two consecutive leading edges of said character;

j. merging adjacent pulses in said trailing edge digital signal occurring within a time period equivalent to the time separation of two consecutive trailing edges of said character;

k. generating leading edge and trailing edge binary interval data code streams indicative of the time separation between character stroke edges passing said reading station; and

l. forming a first character decision from said leading edge stream and a second character decision from said trailing edge stream.

12. A character recognition system for reading magnetic ink characters printed in a CMC7 font as they pass a reading station which comprises:

a. magnetic sensor means for scanning an information field printed on a document surface and forming bipolar analog signals in response to character stroke edges passing through registration with said sensor means;

b. analog processing means in electrical communication with said sensor means for conditioning and normalizing said analog signals, and forming therefrom leading edge and trailing edge waveforms;

c. edge detection means in electrical communication with said analog processing means for forming leading edge and trailing edge digital signals accurately indicating the occurrence of a character stroke edge;

d. skew control means receiving said leading edge and said trailing edge digital signals for eliminating duplicate pulses caused by scanning said information field obliquely;

e. logic means in electrical communication with said skew control means for generating a character window waveform and synchronizing the occurrence of said leading edge and said trailing edge digital signals with said character window waveform;

f. edge correction means in electrical communication with said logic means for detecting and correcting for missing character stroke edge signals, and forming leading edge and trailing edge binary coded interval data streams indicative of the time periods between character strokes in said information field;

g. character stroke correction means in electrical communication with said edge correction means for detecting and repairing missing interval data codes in said data streams and forming therefrom leading edge and trailing edge binary signals; and

h. character decision means receiving said leading edge and said trailing edge binary signals for identifying said characters.

13. The combination set forth in claim 12, wherein said edge correction means includes:

a. counter means for forming leading edge and trailing edge interval data codes indicating the time interval between character strokes;

b. first multiplexer means in electrical communication with said counter means for routing said leading edge and said trailing edge interval data codes;

c. shift register storage means in electrical communication with said first multiplexer means for storing said leading edge and said trailing edge interval data codes; and

d. interval data controller means in electrical communication with said logic means for controlling the loading of said shift register storage means and the operation of said first multiplexer means.

14. The combination set forth in claim 13, wherein said counter means includes:

a. a first counter preset to a decimal zero to count the time interval between the leading edges of two adjacent character strokes;

b. a second counter preset to a decimal value equivalent to an average character stroke width to count the time interval between the trailing edge of a first of said two adjacent character strokes and the leading edge of a second of said two adjacent character strokes;

c. a third counter preset to a decimal zero to count the time interval between the trailing edges of said two adjacent character strokes;

d. a fourth counter preset to a negative decimal value having a magnitude equivalent to said average character stroke width to count the time interval between the leading edge of said first of said two adjacent character strokes and a next occurring trailing edge;

e. a first register means in electrical communication with said first counter for storing two consecutive leading edge time interval counts;

f. a second register means in electrical communication with said second counter for storing time interval counts indicative of a missing leading edge;

g. a third register means in electrical communication with said third counter for storing trailing edge time interval counts; and

h. a fourth register means in electrical communication with said fourth counter for storing time interval counts indicative of a missing trailing edge.

15. The combination set forth in claim 13, wherein said character stroke correction means includes:

a. decision controller means responsive to said interval data controller means for controlling the operation of said character stroke correction means;

b. second multiplexer means responsive to said decision controller means and in electrical communication with said shift register storage means for routing said leading edge and said trailing edge interval data codes from said shift register storage means;

c. a first ROM means addressed by said leading edge and said trailing edge interval data codes for indicating the absence of character strokes, and where no missing character strokes are detected for providing binary codes indicative of the logic state to be accorded said leading edge and said trailing edge interval data codes;

d. buffer register means in electrical communication with said first ROM means for storing the output of said first ROM means;

e. a second ROM means addressed by said leading edge and said trailing edge interval data codes for supplying said binary codes for said missing interval data codes;

f. first accumulator means in electrical communication with said second multiplexer means, for summing said leading edge and said trailing edge interval data codes;

g. a third ROM means addressed by said first accumulator means for verifying character widths;

h. decision logic means in electrical communication with said second ROM means and said buffer register means and responsive to said third ROM means for supplying said binary codes to said character decision means;

i. a fourth ROM means addressed by said leading edge and said trailing edge interval data codes for indicating interval data code mismatches;

j. second accumulator means in electrical communication with said fourth ROM means for summing said mismatches; and

k. a fifth ROM means addressed by said second accumulator means for comparing leading edge mismatch sums with trailing edge mismatch sums.