Imaging method

• US 4,060,316 A
• Filed: 03/22/1976
• Issued: 11/29/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 02/25/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Pollack, Joel M., Flannery, John B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Stephan, Steven L.
• Application Number:
  US05/668,896
• Time in Patent Office: 617 Days
• Field of Search: 350/160 LC, 350/162 SF, 353/121, 353/122, 353/120, 353/20
• US Class Current: 349/201
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/135 Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied G02F1/133348 takes precedence

Abstract

An imaging method which is comprised of a spatially varying imagewise output intensity for a corresponding imaging input. An imaging member comprising between two electrodes a photoconductor in contact with an about 1 to about 6 micron thick layer of nematic liquid crystalline material, which in the absence of an electrical field is in the homogeneous texture, and having negative dielectric anisotropy is utilized. A d.c. voltage above the parallel variable grating mode threshold for the nematic liquid crystalline material is applied between the two electrodes of the imaging member and, while the voltage is applied, the photoconductor is exposed to imagewise configured actinic electromagnetic radiation from a first radiation source. The actinic radiation causes the voltage to increase across portions of the nematic liquid crystalline layer in electrical contact with regions of the photoconductor exposed to the actinic radiation. The increase in voltage across these portions of the liquid crystalline material is sufficient to cause cylindrical, vortical domains of molecules of the nematic liquid crystalline material to form with their long axes parallel to the initial direction of homogeneous alignment (a parallel variable grating mode). The spatial frequency of the vortical domains varies dynamically with the intensity of the actinic electromagnetic radiation. From a second radiation source, electromagnetic radiation which is non-actinic to the photoconductor by virtue of either the photoconductor or imaging member structure, is modified by the imagewise configured liquid crystalline texture resulting in a projection image of second source radiation corresponding to the imagewise configured first source electromagnetic radiation.

Claims

1. A method of imaging, comprising:

a. providing an imaging member comprising, between two electrodes, a photoconductor in contact with a layer of homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystalline material;

said layer of nematic material having a thickness of from about 1 to about 6 microns and having negative dielectric anisotropy;

b. applying a D.C. voltage between said two electrodes above the parallel variable grating mode threshold voltage level for said nematic liquid crystalline material; and

c. during application of said D.C. voltage, imagewise exposing said photoconductor to actinic electromagnetic radiation from a first radiation source to form vortical domains of said liquid crystalline material in the parallel variable grating mode, wherein vortical domains of said liquid crystalline material are formed in a direction parallel to the direction of initial homogeneous alignment, and passing linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation from a second radiation source through regions of said nematic liquid crystalline material in the parallel variable grating mode, said linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation having a polarization direction substantially orthogonal to the major axes of said vortical domains.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said first radiation source comprises a source of coherent electromagnetic radiation.

3. The method of imaging according to claim 1 wherein said first radiation source comprises a source of incoherent electromagnetic radiation.

4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said second radiation source comprises a source of coherent electromagnetic radiation.

5. The method according to claim 1 wherein said second radiation source comprises a source of incoherent electromagnetic radiation.

6. The method according to claim 1 wherein said photoconductor is a non-panchromatic photoconductor.

7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the electromagnetic radiation from said second radiation source is non-actinic to said non-panchromatic photoconductor and is transmitted through said photoconductor prior to passing through said layer of nematic liquid crystalline material.

8. The method according to claim 1 wherein said photoconductor comprises dichroic photoconductive material, said actinic electromagnetic radiation from said first radiation source being linearly polarized in a polarization direction actinic to said dichroic photoconductor, and wherein said electromagnetic radiation from said second radiation source is linearly polarized in a polarization direction which is non-actinic to said dichroic photoconductor.

9. The method according to claim 1 further including the step of inserting an optical stop in the path of electromagnetic radiation from said second radiation source subsequent to its transmission through regions of said nematic liquid crystalline material in the parallel variable grating mode.

10. The method according to claim 9 wherein said optical stop is adapted to stop zero-order radiation and to allow diffracted radiation to pass.

11. The method according to claim 9 wherein said optical stop is adapted to stop diffracted radiation and to allow zero-order radiation to pass.

12. The method according to claim 9 wherein said optical stop is an annular optical stop adapted to allow only a portion of the diffracted radiation to pass and to stop zero-order radiation and the remaining diffracted radiation.

13. The method according to claim 9 further including the step of focusing upon a screen the electromagnetic radiation passing said optical stop and from said second radiation source.

14. The method according to claim 1 further including the step of uniformly exposing the photoconductor to actinic radiation subsequent to imagewise exposure in step (c).

15. A method of imaging, comprising

a. providing an imaging member comprising, between two electrodes, a photoconductor in contact with a layer of homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystalline material;

said layer of nematic material having a thickness of from about 1 to about 6 microns and having negative dielectric anisotropy;

b. applying a D.C. voltage between said two electrodes above the parallel variable grating mode threshold voltage level for said nematic liquid crystalline material; and

c. during application of said D.C. voltage, imagewise exposing said photoconductor to actinic electromagnetic radiation from a first radiation source to form vortical domains of said liquid crystalline material in the parallel variable grating mode wherein vortical domains of said liquid crystalline material are formed in a direction parallel to the direction of initial homogeneous alignment, and passing linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation from a second radiation source through regions of said nematic liquid crystalline material in the parallel variable grating mode, said linearly polarized light having a polarization direction substantially parallel to the major axes of said vortical domains.