Automatic thresholding and reference circuit

• US 4,067,013 A
• Filed: 11/12/1976
• Issued: 01/03/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 11/12/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Original Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Inventors: Smith, Richard M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wilbur, Maynard R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Goodwin, Lawrence
• Application Number:
  US05/741,261
• Time in Patent Office: 417 Days
• Field of Search: 343/7 A, 343/7.7, 343/17.1 R, 340/15.5 A, 340/15.5 AP, 340/15.5 AC, 340/15.5 BH, 325/474, 325/477
• US Class Current: 342/91
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/5244 Adaptive clutter cancellation specially adapted for airborne MTI, G01S13/5242
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/2922 by using a controlled threshold
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/34 Gain of receiver varied automatically during pulse-recurrence period, e.g. anti-clutter gain control

Abstract

An automatic thresholding reference and detection circuit which generates a signal in time which is a replica of the radar return signal'"'"'s doppler spectrum. The radar signal return is processed by a target signal channel having a narrow bandwidth filter which produces a fine resolution replica of the signal spectrum, and by a reference signal channel having a wider bandwidth filter, which produces a smeared (or average) replica of the signal spectrum. The output of the reference signal channel is a threshold signal which, when compared to the output of the target signal channel, allows only the target signals to be passed for further processing and rejects clutter and thermal noise.

Claims

1. An automatic, adaptive-threshold circuit for processing signals received from a pulse Doppler radar comprising:

reception means for receiving a radar return signal from said pulse Doppler radar;

a target channel connected to the output of said reception means, tuned to a first narrow bandwidth, and outputting a first time replica spectrum of said received output from said reception means;

a reference channel connected to the output of said reception means and in parallel with said target channel, said reference channel tuned to a second narrow bandwidth wider than said first narrow bandwidth and outputting a second time replica spectrum of said received output from said reception means, said second time replica spectrum being coarser than said first time replica spectrum; and

a comparator having a plurality of inputs connected to and receiving the outputs of said target channel and said reference channel, whereby said received radar return signal is processed in parallel fashion by said target and said reference channels, said reference channel output being the automatic, adaptive threshold against which said target channel output is compared in said comparator.

2. An automatic, adaptive threshold circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said comparator controls a transmission gate which passes only that portion of the output of said target channel which is of greater amplitude than the output of said reference channel.

3. An automatic, adaptive threshold circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said reception means includes:

gating means connected to receive said radar return signal for range-gating said radar return signal;

lowering means connected to the output of said gating means for down-translating in frequency the output of said gating means; and

filter means connected to the output of said lowering means for selecting only the Doppler frequencies to be processed.

4. An automatic, adaptive threshold circuit as recited in claim 3 wherein said lowering means includes:

a coherent oscillator having an output oscillation signal; and

a first mixer having inputs connected to said gating means and said coherent oscillator and outputting a signal to said filter means.

5. An automatic, adaptive threshold circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said target channel includes:

a second mixer having a plurality of inputs, one of which is connected to the output of the aforesaid filter means;

a first voltage-controlled oscillator having a frequency output swept linearly in time which is connected to another input of said second mixer;

a first narrow-bandpass filter connected to the output of said second mixer for establishing said first narrow bandwidth;

a first full-wave detector connected to the output of said first narrow-bandpass filter; and

a first envelope detector connected to the output of said first full-wave detector, said first envelope detector outputting a signal to one input of the aforesaid comparator.

6. An automatic, adaptive threshold circuit as recited in claim 5 wherein said first narrow bandpass filter is fixed in frequency.

7. An automatic, adaptive threshold circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said reference channel includes:

a third mixer having a plurality of inputs, one of which is connected to the output of the aforesaid filter means;

a second voltage-controlled oscillator having a frequency output swept linearly in time which is connected to another input of said third mixer;

a second narrow-bandpass filter connected to the output of said third mixer for establishing said second narrow bandwidth, said second narrow bandwidth being wider than said first narrow bandwidth;

a second full-wave detector connected to the output of said second narrow-bandpass filter; and

a second envelope detector connected to the output of said second full-wave detector, said second envelope detector outputting a signal to another input of the aforesaid comparator.

8. An automatic adaptive threshold circuit as recited in claim 7 wherein said second narrow-bandpass filter is fixed in frequency.

9. An automatic, adaptive threshold circuit as recited in claim 7 wherein said second voltage-controlled oscillator is offset in time from said first voltage-controlled oscillator.