Braking system for avoiding a collision of a vehicle with an obstacle thereof

• US 4,073,359 A
• Filed: 12/06/1976
• Issued: 02/14/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Fujiki, Norio, Endo, Hiroshi
• Primary Examiner(s): Kunin, Stephen G.
• Application Number:
  US05/747,475
• Time in Patent Office: 435 Days
• Field of Search: 180/98, 188/181, 246/187 C, 303/20, 303/91, 303/100, 303/106, 303/109, 340/53, 340/62, 343/7 VC, 343/7 VM, 343/112 CA
• US Class Current: 180/169
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 31/0008 including means for detecting potential obstacles in vehicle path
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 31/08 and one or more electrical components for establishing or regulating input pressure
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 31/18 including a device to audibly, visibly, or otherwise signal the existence of unusual or unintended speed to the driver of the vehicle devices primarily intended for indicating speed to other traffic B60Q1/54
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/105 Longitudinal acceleration
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/931 of land vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/93185 Controlling the brakes
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/932 using own vehicle data, e.g. ground speed, steering wheel direction

Abstract

A radar sensor and a vehicle velocity sensor are mounted on a vehicle, producing three signals representative of, vehicle velocity, a distance and a relative velocity between the vehicle and an obstacle ahead thereof. These three signals are fed to a collision imminence computing circuit which generates two signals representative of collision imminences depending upon whether the obstacle is stationary or moving.

Claims

1. A braking system for avoiding a collision of a travelling vehicle with an obstacle ahead thereof, comprising:

radar means mounted in use on a vehicle for emitting a radar signal forwardly;

a radar sensor mounted on the vehicle for producing a first and a second signal, the first signal representing a distance between the vehicle and an obstacle, and the second signal representing the relative velocity between the vehicle and the obstacle;

a vehicle velocity sensor mounted on the vehicle, sensing the vehicle velocity to produce a third signal representing the same;

first means connected to the radar sensor for receiving the first and the second signal therefrom, generating, based on the received signals, a sixth signal if the following formula is satisfied,

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">V.sub.r.sup.2 /2α

≧

R

where

V_r ;

is the relative velocity

α

;

is the deceleration of the vehicle

R;

is the distance between the vehicle and the obstacle;

second means connected to both the radar sensor and the vehicle velocity sensor for receiving the first, the second, and the third signal therefrom, for generating, based on the received signals, a seventh signal if the following formula is satisfied,

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">V.sub.r (2V.sub.a -V.sub.r)/2α

≧

R

where

V_a ;

the vehicle velocity;

third means connected to both the radar sensor and the vehicle velocity sensor for receiving the second and the third signals therefrom, for generating, based on the received signals, an eighth signal representing the difference between the vehicle velocity and the relative velocity;

a comparator connected to the third means for receiving the eighth signal therefrom, generating a ninth signal if the magnitude of the eighth signal is greater than that of the ninth signal, and generating a tenth signal if the magnitude of the eighth signal is smaller than that of the ninth signal;

a first AND gate connected to both the first means and the comparator for receiving the sixth and the tenth signal therefrom, for generating a fourth signal if the sixth signal coincides with the tenth signal, the fourth signal representing a collision imminence with a stationary obstacle;

a second AND gate connected to the second means and the comparator for receiving the seventh and the ninth signals therefrom, for generating a fifth signal if the seventh signal coincides with the ninth signal, the fifth signal representing a collision imminence with a moving obstacle; and

two brake actuator driving circuits connected to the collision imminence computing unit, responding to the fourth and the fifth signals, respectively.

2. A braking system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

two alerting systems connected to the collision imminence unit to receive the fourth and the fifth signal, for alerting the vehicle driver of the collision imminences, respectively; and

two electrical switches each provided between one of the first and second AND gates and one of the two brake actuator driving circuits.

3. A braking system for avoiding a collision of a vehicle with an obstacle ahead thereof, comprising:

a radar sensor mounted on the vehicle, for producing a first and a second signal, the first signal representing a distance between the vehicle and the obstacle, and the second signal representing the relative velocity between the vehicle and the obstacle;

a vehicle velocity sensor mounted on the vehicle, sensing the vehicle velocity to produce a third signal representing the same;

a collision imminence computing unit connected to both the radar sensor and the vehicle velocity sensor for receiving the first, the second, and the third signal therefrom, for generating, based on the received signals, a fourth and a fifth signal, the fourth signal representing a collision imminence with a stational obstacle and the fifth signal representing a collision imminence with a moving obstacle;

two brake actuator driving circuits connected to the collision imminence computing unit, responding to the fourth and the fifth signal, respectively;

the collision imminence computing unit comprising;

first means connected to the radar sensor for receiving the first and the second signal therefrom, for generating, based on the received signals, a sixth signal if the following formula is satisfied

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">V.sub.r.sup.2 /2α

≧

R

where

V_r ;

is the relative velocity

α

;

is the deceleration of the vehicle

R;

is the distance between the vehicle and the obstacle;

second means connected to both the radar sensor and the vehicle velocity sensor for receiving the first, the second, and the third signal therefrom, for generating, based on the received signals, a seventh signal if the following formula is satisfied

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">V.sub.r (2V.sub.a -V.sub.r)/2α

≧

R

wherein

V_a ;

is the vehicle velocity;

third means connected to both the radar sensor and the vehicle velocity sensor for receiving the second and the third signal therefrom, for generating, based on the received signals, an eighth signal representing the difference between the vehicle velocity and the relative velocity;

a comparator connected to the third means for receiving the eighth signal therefrom, for generating a ninth signal if the magnitude of the eighth signal is greater than that of the ninth signal, and for generating a tenth signal if the magnitude of the eighth signal is smaller than that of the ninth signal;

a first AND gate connected to both the first means and the comparator for receiving the sixth and the tenth signal therefrom, for generating a fourth signal if the sixth signal coincides with the tenth signal; and

a second AND gate connected to the second means and the comparator for receiving the seventh and the ninth signal therefrom, for generating the fifth signal if the seventh signal coincides with the ninth signal.

4. A braking system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first means comprises:

a multiplier connected to the radar sensor for receiving the first signal, for multiplying the magnitude of the same two times and for generating a signal representing the product;

a divider connected to the multiplier for receiving the signal therefrom, for dividing the magnitude of the received signal by the square of the deceleration of the vehicle; and

a comparator connected to the radar sensor for receiving the first signal therefrom and also connected to the divider for receiving the signal therefrom, for comparing the magnitudes of the two received signals and generating the sixth signal if the magnitude of the former is equal to or greater than that of the latter.

5. A braking system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second means comprises:

a first multiplier connected to the vehicle sensor for receiving the third signal therefrom, for doubling the magnitude thereof and for generating a signal representing the product;

a subtractor connected to the radar sensor for receiving the second signal therefrom and also connected to the multiplier for receiving the signal therefrom, for subtracting the magnitude of the latter signal from that of the second signal, and for generating a signal representing the difference;

a second multiplier connected to the subtractor for receiving the signal therefrom and also connected to the radar sensor for receiving the second signal therefrom, for multiplying the magnitudes of the received two signals, and for generating a signal representing the product;

a divider connected to the multiplier for receiving the signal therefrom, dividing the magnitude of the received signal by twice the deceleration of the vehicle; and

a comparator connected to the divider for receiving the signal therefrom and also connected to the radar sensor for receiving the first signal therefrom, for comparing the magnitudes of the two received signals, and for generating the fifth signal if the magnitude of the former is equal to or greater than that of the latter.