Cobalt oxide chlorate candle

• US 4,073,741 A
• Filed: 03/05/1976
• Issued: 02/14/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 03/05/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Figgie International, Inc. (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Original Assignee: A-T-O Incorporated
• Inventors: Heintz, Clifford E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Padgett, Benjamin R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Gluck, Irwin
• Application Number:
  US05/664,279
• Time in Patent Office: 711 Days
• Field of Search: 252/187 R, 252/186, 23/281, 423/240, 423/643, 44/7.5
• US Class Current: 252/186.21
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/0218 Chlorate
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/0296 Generators releasing in a self-sustaining way pure oxygen from a solid charge, without interaction of it with a fluid nor external heating, e.g. chlorate candles or canisters containing them charges per se C01B13/02

Abstract

A substantially fuel-free oxygen-generating composition consisting essentially of an alkali metal chlorate which may contain a small amount of perchlorate, in combination with a catalytic amount in the order of about 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of cobalt oxide.

Claims

1. A substantially fuel-free oxygen-generating candle comprising a compressed active oxygen source consisting essentially of an alkali metal chlorate with from 0 to about 1% of alkali metal perchlorate;

a sufficient amount of cobalt oxide selected from the group consisting of CoO and mixtures of CoO and Co₃ O₄ to maintain a self-sustaining catalytic decomposition admixed therewith;

said mixture being substantially fuel-free; and

an ignition material on an end of the candle whereby when ignited the candle generates oxygen by relatively low temperature catalytic decomposition of the chlorate.

2. The oxygen-generating candle of claim 1 containing in addition an excipient component comprising 0 to a minor amount of BaO₂ and 0 to a minor amount of SiO₂, at least one of said components being present.

3. The oxygen-generating candle of claim 1 wherein the mixture comprising the candle consists essentially of about 1.5% BaO₂, about 1.5% CoO and about 97% NaClO₃.

6. The composition of claim 2 wherein the BaO₂ is present in a range of from 0 to about 4%, the SiO₂ is present in a range of 0 to about 1%, the alkali metal perchlorate is present in a range of from 0 to about 0.5%, and the CoO is the sole cobalt oxide and is present in 1.5% with the balance being essentially sodium chlorate.

7. The composition of claim 1 which consists essentially of about 1.5% BaO₂, about 1.5% CoO and about 97.0% of NaClO₃.

8. The composition of claim 1 which consists essentially of about 1.5% BaO₂, about 1.5% CoO, about 0.15% NaClO₄ and about 96.5% NaClO₃.

9. The composition of claim 1 which consists essentially of about 5% BaO₂, about 2% SiO₂, about 4% CoO and about 89% NaClO₃.

4. A substantially fuel-free oxygen candle composition which when ignited generates oxygen in a self-sustaining reaction without additional heat or added fuel material;

said composition, in weight percent, consisting of an intimate mixture of active generating components and a minor percentage of substantially fuel-free excipient components;

the active substantially fuel-free oxygen-generating components consisting essentially of 0 to about 1% alkali metal perchlorate, an alkali metal chlorate, and a sufficient amount of cobalt oxide selected from the group consisting of CoO and mixtures of CoO and Co₃ O₄ to maintain a self-sustaining catalytic decomposition;

the substantially fuel-free excipient components comprising to 0 to a minor amount of BaO₂ and 0 to a minor amount of SiO₂, at least one of said components being present, to modify the rate of the reaction;

the alkali metal chlorate and perchlorate being present in an amount to make the total percentage of components in the composition 100%.

5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the CoO is present in a range of from about 0.5 to about 5.0% and the Co₃ O₄ is present in a range of from 0 to about 2.0%.

10. The method of producing substantially pure oxygen which comprises igniting a fuel-free composition comprising an active oxygen source consisting essentially of an alkali metal chlorate with from 0 to about 1% of alkali metal perchlorate and a sufficient amount of cobalt oxide selected from the group consisting of CoO and mixtures of CoO and Co₃ O₄ to maintain a self-sustaining catalytic decomposition without additional heat or added fuel material.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the alkali metal is sodium.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the rate of oxygen liberation is increased by increasing the amount of cobalt oxide.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the composition contains in addition an excipient whereby the rate of oxygen liberation is decreased.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the excipient is up to about 3% barium peroxide.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the excipient is up to about 8% silicon dioxide.

16. The method of claim 11 where the composition consists essentially of about 1.5% BaO₂, about 1.5% CoO and about 97% NaClO₃.

17. The method of obtaining oxygen at relatively low temperatures which comprises igniting a candle comprising a compressed active oxygen source consisting essentially of an alkali metal chlorate with from about 0 to 1% of alkali metal perchlorate admixed with a sufficient amount of cobalt oxide selected from the group consisting of CoO and mixtures of CoO and Co₃ O₄ to maintain a self-sustaining catalytic decomposition without additional heat, the said mixture being substantially fuel free.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the mixture comprising the candle consists essentially of about 1.5% BaO₂, about 1.5% CoO and about 97% NaClO₃.