Magnetic asymmetric antipilferage marker

• US 4,075,618 A
• Filed: 07/15/1976
• Issued: 02/21/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Inventors: Montean, Samuel
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, III, Glen R.
• Application Number:
  US05/705,419
• Time in Patent Office: 586 Days
• Field of Search: 340/280, 340/258 R, 324/34 S, 324/34 R, 360/132, 360/137
• US Class Current: 340/572.6
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 15/00 Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object record carriers for use with machines having a detectable tag or marker G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2411 Tag deactivation
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2437 Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2442 Tag materials and material properties thereof, e.g. magnetic material details
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2445 Tag integrated into item to be protected, e.g. source tagging

Abstract

A widely accepted type of antipilferage system provides in an interrogation zone a magnetic field which periodically alternates at a predetermined frequency. Such systems further include means for detecting very high order harmonics of the predetermined frequency such as result from the presence within the zone of a marker having non-linear electrical or magnetic properties. In the present invention, such a marker includes an asymmetrically shaped piece or pieces of low-coercive force ferromagnetic material, including a center section and flux concentrator sections at opposite ends of the center section. Such a marker enables the protection of objects having a maximum dimension which is less than the length of prior art "open-strip" markers.

Claims

1. An antipilferage marker adapted for use in a system for sensing the presence of an object to which is affixed a said marker in an interrogation zone having therein a magnetic field periodically varying at a predetermined fundamental frequency, said marker comprising asymmetric sections of ferromagnetic material including a center section having end portions and having a permeability of not less than 10⁴ and a coercive force of not more than 0.5 oersted, and two substantially planar flux concentrator sections having a permeability of not less than 10% of the permeability of the center section and a coercive force of not more than one oersted, one of which concentrator sections is secured to each end portion of the center section such that a low reluctance path exists therebetween, said concentrator sections having a predetermined area, the maximum dimension of which parallel to the width of the end portion of the center section to which it is secured is at least three times the width of said end portion such that magnetic lines of flux are collected and concentrated in the center section when a magnetic field periodically alternating at a predetermined frequency is impressed on the marker so as to provide an effective field impressed upon the center section of sufficient intensity to cyclically reverse the magnetization of the center section to result in the production of a detectable characteristic signal containing harmonics of the predetermined frequency in excess of the twentieth order.

2. A marker according to claim 1, further comprising a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive affixed to one side of the ferromagnetic sections for enabling the secural thereof to objects to be detected.

3. A marker according to claim 2, further comprising a layer having low-adhesive characteristics affixed to the other side of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer for protecting the adhesive layer prior to the application thereof to a said object.

4. A marker according to claim 1, further comprising a relatively stiff layer affixed to the sections, stiffening said sections to prevent mechanical deformation thereof prior to application of the sections to a said object.

5. An antipilferage marker according to claim 1, wherein said marker is shaped to correspond to portions of an irregularly shaped object to which it is desirably affixed, such that the marker does not extend into other portions of said irregularly shaped object so as to obstruct or interfere with access thereto.

6. A marker according to claim 1 wherein said marker is shaped to correspond to portions of a microfilm or magnetic recording cassette or cartridge housing such that said concentrator sections are positioned with respect to said center section to correspond to unobstructed planar portions of the housing.

7. A marker according to claim 1, wherein said marker further comprises at least one additional ferromagnetic element disposed adjacent to and generally aligned with the center section, said additional element having a coercivity greater than that of the center section, wherein magnetization of the additional element alters the harmonic content of the said characteristic signal produced by said center section.

8. A marker according to claim 1, wherein said center section is formed of a material having a permeability of not less than 10⁶.

9. A marker according to claim 1, wherein said center section is formed of an alloy of nickel and iron containing not less than 30% nickel.

10. A marker according to claim 1, wherein all sections of the marker are formed of an alloy of nickel and iron containing not less than 30% nickel.

11. A marker according to claim 10, wherein all sections are formed of a single sheet of an alloy of nickel and iron containing not less than 30% nickel.

12. A marker according to claim 1, wherein said marker is formed of a ferromagnetic sheet material having a given thickness, wherein said marker has a given overall width and length, and wherein said flux concentrator sections have substantially opposed end portions, one end portion of each concentrator section being secured to an end portion of the center section such that low reluctance paths exist therebetween, and the other end portions of both concentrator sections terminating in substantially linear edges which are substantially parallel to each other thereby defining the said given overall length, the opposing sides of all sections defining said overall width having substantially the reverse configuration such that a succession of markers may be formed from a sheet having a width equal to the distance between the linear edges of the flux concentrator sections without appreciable waste material left over.

13. An antipilferage marker adapted for use in a system for sensing the presence of an object to which is affixed a said marker in an interrogation zone having therein a magnetic field periodically varying at a predetermined fundamental frequency, said marker comprising sections of ferromagnetic sheet material of a given thickness and having a given overall length and width, said marker further comprising

a substantially planar center section of ferromagnetic material having a permeability of not less than 10⁴ and a coercive force of not more than 0.5 oersted, said center section having end portions and side portions extending therebetween and two substantially planar flux concentrator sections of ferromagnetic material having a permeability of not less than 10% of the permeability of the center section and a coercive force of not more than one oersted, said flux concentrator sections having substantially opposed end portions, one end portion of each concentrator section being secured to an end portion of the center section such that low reluctance paths exist therebetween, and the other end portions of both concentrator sections terminating in substantially linear edges which are substantially parallel to each other thereby defining said given overall length, the opposing sides of all sections defining said overall width having substantially the reverse configuration such that a succession of markers may be formed from a sheet having a width equal to the distance between the linear edges of the flux concentrator sections without appreciable waste material left over.

14. A cassette or cartridge housing adapted to enclose at least one reel containing a ribbon-like media such as microfilm or magnetic recording tape, said housing having affixed thereto an antipilferage marker to enable the detection of said housing in an interrogation zone having therein a magnetic field periodically varying at a predetermined fundamental frequency, said marker comprising a piece of a ferromagnetic material having a permeability of not less than 10⁴ and a coercive force of not more than 0.5 oersted, the dimensions of which piece are shaped to provide a center section and flux concentrator sections secured to the ends of the center section to collect and concentrate magnetic flux into the center section, said concentrator sections having a predetermined area, the maximum dimension of which parallel to the width of the end of the center section to which it is secured is at least three times the width of said end such that when a magnetic field periodically alternating at a predetermined frequency is impressed on the marker, an effective field is impressed upon the center section of sufficient intensity to cyclically reverse the magnetization of the center section to result in the production of a detectable characteristic signal containing harmonics of the predetermined frequency in excess of the twentieth order.

15. A method for making an antipilferage marker adapted for use in a system for sensing the presence of an object to which a said marker is affixed when the object is in an interrogation zone having a magnetic field periodically varying at a predetermined fundamental frequency, said method comprising

a. providing a web of ferromagnetic material having a permeability of not less than 10⁴ and a coercive force of not greater than 0.5 oersted,

b. affixing a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive to one side of said web,

c. affixing a layer having low-adhesive characteristics to the other side of said pressure sensitive adhesive,

d. cutting the assembled ferromagnetic web and layers affixded thereto into discrete markers having a center section extending at least partially longitudinally to the web and having flux concentrator sections at both ends, the maximum dimension of the concentrator sections parallel to the length of the web being at least three times the width of said center section, said concentrator sections being displaced longitudinally with respect to each other such that successive and adjacent markers are substantially identical and are formed without any waste material remaining between adjacent markers.