Laminated aircraft windshield

• US 4,081,581 A
• Filed: 05/05/1976
• Issued: 03/28/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: PPG Industries Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Littell, Harry E. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Robinson, Ellis
• Application Number:
  US05/683,352
• Time in Patent Office: 692 Days
• Field of Search: 161/165, 161/183, 161/192, 161/194, 161/404, 161/190, 428/911, 428/412, 428/425, 428/424, 428/426, 428/522, 428/138, 428/99, 428/213, 428/220, 428/415, 428/267, 428/272, 428/302, 428/38, 428/34, 428/137, 428/447, 428/214, 52/308, 52/309, 52/616, 244/121, 244/129 W, 298/84 R, 298/84 K
• US Class Current: 428/138
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10018 comprising only one glass sheet
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/1033 Laminated safety glass or glazing containing temporary protective coatings or layers
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/1077 containing polyurethane
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2307/412 Transparent
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2307/558 Impact strength, toughness
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2369/00 Polycarbonates
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2375/00 Polyureas; Polyurethanes
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2605/006 Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/08 of synthetic resin
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/308 comprising acrylic (co)polymers
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/365 comprising polycarbonates
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/40 comprising polyurethanes
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 1/1492 Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 18/664 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
• CPC Class Codes: C09J 175/06 from polyesters
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/911 Penetration resistant layer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24008 including fastener for attaching to external surface
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24322 Composite web or sheet
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24331 including nonapertured component
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2495 Thickness [relative or absolute]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24959 : of adhesive layers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31507 : Of polycarbonate
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31601 : Quartz or glass
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31663 : As siloxane, silicone or silane
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31935 : Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

Abstract

Disclosed are laminated windshields, preferably having an outer protective sheet of glass or plastic, at least two relatively thin structural sheet members of polycarbonate resin and interlayers of elastomeric resin interposed between and adhering said sheet and sheet members together. The thickness and material composition of the structural sheet members and interlayers are selectively correlated so that they function as an efficient energy absorber over a wide range of temperatures, such that forces emanating from a predesigned or preestablished impact on the outer sheet member are dissipated without penetration of the windshields.

Claims

1. A transparent laminated window having high impact resistance adapted for mounting on a support structure, said window comprising an outer protective sheet or ply of an abrasion resistant, chemical resistant and thermal resistant material selected from the group consisting of glass and plastic and a sublaminate comprising a plurality of thin, transparent, structural sheet members of polycarbonate resin each having a maximum thickness of 0.250 inch, elastomeric resinous interlayer material selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes and silicones which exhibit good tensile strength retention and embrittlement resistance over a wide range of temperatures disposed between and bonded to said structural sheet members, said structural sheet members and said elastomeric resinous interlayer material extending beyond the edge of said outer protective sheet to form edge portions integral therewith for mounting of the window to said support structure, said structural sheet members and said interlayer material having aligned spaced apertures in said edge portions and adapted for alignment with spaced apertures on said support structure for said window for receipt of edge attachment means applied only through said apertures when aligned to rigidly secure said edge portions to said support structure for said window such that loads imposed on said window are transferred from said window to said support structure through said structural sheet members and said edge attachment means, and interlayer material selected from said group bonding said outer protective sheet or ply to said sublaminate.

2. A window according to claim 1, wherein said structural sheet members have a thickness of from about 0.060 to about 0.250 inch.

3. A window according to claim 1, wherein said interlayer material comprises a polyurethane resin having a thickness greater than 0.015 inch.

4. A window according to claim 1, wherein said structural sheet members have a thickness of from about 0.09 to about 0.2 inch and said interlayer material comprises a polyurethane resin.

5. A window according to claim 4, wherein said polyurethane resin is the reaction product of an organic diisocyanate, a polyester diol having an average molecular weight of between 750 and 5000 and an aliphatic diol having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms.

6. A window according to claim 1, further comprising wherein elastomeric polyurethane interlayer material bonded to said outer protective sheet and to one of said structural sheet members, and an inner surface sheet of an abrasion resistant, chemical resistant and thermal resistant material selected from the group consisting of glass and plastic and elastomeric resinous interlayer material bonded to said inner surface sheet and to another of said structural sheet members.

7. A window according to claim 6, wherein said interlayer of polyurethane resin has a thickness greater than 0.015 inch.

8. A window according to claim 7, wherein said polyurethane resin is the reaction product of an organic diisocyanate, a polyester diol having an average molecular weight of between 750 and 5000 and an aliphatic diol having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms.

9. A window according to claim 6, wherein said outer protective sheet and said inner surface sheet are composed of glass.

10. A window according to claim 9, wherein elastomeric resinous interlayer material is bonded to said outer protective sheet of glass and to one of said structural sheet members.

11. A window according to claim 1, which further includes an inner surface sheet of glass and elastomeric resinous interlayer material bonded to said inner surface sheet and to one of said structural sheet members.

12. A window as in claim 1, wherein said outer protective sheet is composed of glass.

13. A window as in claim 1, wherein said outer protective sheet is composed of acrylic resin.

14. A window as in claim 1, wherein said outer protective sheet is composed of fused acrylic/polycarbonate.

15. A transparent laminated window having high impact resistance adapted for mounting on a support structure, said window comprising an outer protective sheet or ply of an abrasion resistant, chemical resistant and thermal resistant material selected from the group consisting of glass and plastic, a first interlayer of elastomeric resin selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes and silicones which exhibit good tensile strength retention and embrittlement resistance over a wide range of temperatures adhered to said outer protective sheet, a pair of thin, transparent, structural sheet members of polycarbonate resin each having a maximum thickness of 0.250 inch, a second interlayer of elastomeric resin selected from said group disposed between and bonded to said structural sheet members, said first interlayer of elastomeric resin being adhered to one of said structural sheet members, and said first interlayer and said second interlayer of elastomeric resin having a thickness greater than 0.015 inch, whereby the propagation of cracks caused by impact on said outer protective sheet is minimized, said structural sheet members and said second interlayer of elastomeric resin extending continuously beyond the edge of said outer protective sheet to provide aligned edge portions integral therewith for mounting of the window to said support structure, said structural sheet members and said interlayer material having aligned spaced apertures in their edge portions and adapted for alignment with spaced apertures on said support structure for said window for receipt of edge attachment means applied only through said apertures when aligned to rigidly secure said edge portions of said structural sheet members and said interlayers to said support structure for said window such that loads imposed on said structural sheet members are transferred from said structural sheet members to said support structure through said edge attachment means.

16. A window according to claim 15, wherein said structural sheet members have a thickness from about 0.090 to about 0.250 inch.

17. A window according to claim 15, wherein said first interlayer and said second interlayer are comprised of a polyurethane resin, each said interlayer having a thickness greater than 0.015 inch.

18. A window according to claim 15, wherein said outer protective sheet is acrylic resin.

19. A window according to claim 17, wherein an inner surface sheet of polycarbonate resin is disposed on the opposite side of said pair of structural sheet members from said outer protective sheet and a third interlayer of polyurethane resin is interposed between and bonded to the innermost of said structural sheet members and said inner surface sheet.

20. A window according to claim 17, wherein said outer protective sheet is a fused acrylic polycarbonate.

21. A window according to claim 20, wherein an inner surface sheet of acrylic resin is disposed on the opposite side of said pair of structural sheet members from said outer protective sheet and a third interlayer of polyurethane resin is disposed between and bonded to said innermost of said structural sheet members and to said inner surface sheet.

22. A window according to claim 17, wherein a third structural sheet member of polycarbonate resin is disposed on the opposite side of said pair of structural sheet members from said outer protective sheet and a third interlayer of polyurethane resin is disposed between and bonded to the innermost of said structural sheet members and said third structural sheet member wherein said third structural sheet member and said third interlayer extend beyond the edge of said outer protective sheet and have spaced apertures aligned with said spaced apertures.

23. A window according to claim 22, wherein said outer protective sheet is acrylic resin.

24. A window according to claim 17, wherein an inner surface sheet of polycarbonate resin is disposed on the opposite side of said structural sheet members from said outer protective sheet and a fourth interlayer of polyurethane resin is interposed between and bonded to said third structural sheet member and said inner surface sheet.

25. A window according to claim 17, wherein the polyurethane resin is the reaction product of an organic diisocyanate, a polyester diol having an average molecular weight of between 750 and 5000 and an aliphatic diol having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms.

26. A window according to claim 25, wherein the diisocyanate is 4,4'"'"'-methylene-bis-(cyclohexyl-isocyanate).

27. A window according to claim 26, wherein the polyester diol is poly(1,4-butylene adipate).

28. A window according to claim 26, wherein the aliphatic diol is 1,4-butane diol.

29. A window according to claim 25, wherein the diisocyanate is 4,4'"'"'-methylene-bis-(cyclohexyl-isocyanate), the polyester diol is poly(1,4-butylene adipate) and the aliphatic diol is 1,4-butane diol.

30. A window according to claim 15, wherein said interlayer material is free of internal reinforcement in said peripheral margins.

31. A window according to claim 15, wherein an inner surface sheet or ply of an abrasion resistant, chemical resistant and thermal resistant material selected from the group consisting of glass and plastic is disposed on the opposite side of said pair of structural sheet members from said outer protective sheet and a third interlayer of polyurethane resin is disposed between and bonded to said innermost of said structural sheet members and to said inner surface sheet.

32. A window according to claim 31, wherein said inner surface sheet is acrylic resin.

33. A window according to claim 15, wherein said outer protective sheet is glass.

34. A window according to claim 15, wherein said outer protective sheet is fused acrylic/polycarbonate.

35. A window according to claim 22, wherein said outer protective sheet is glass.

36. A window according to claim 22, wherein said outer protective sheet is fused acrylic/polycarbonate.