Heat storage method and apparatus

• US 4,089,176 A
• Filed: 01/20/1976
• Issued: 05/16/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 01/20/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The Garrett Corporation
• Original Assignee: The Garrett Corporation
• Inventors: Ashe, Thomas L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ostrager, Allen M.
• Application Number:
  US05/650,822
• Time in Patent Office: 847 Days
• Field of Search: 60/659, 60/650, 60/682, 60/644, 219/10.49, 219/10.51, 219/325, 219/341, 219/365, 219/378, 219/530, 219/540, 165/DIG. 4
• US Class Current: 60/650
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 1/05 characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 6/108 for heating a fluid
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 165/902 Heat storage

Abstract

Method and apparatus for operating power turbomachinery which includes an electromagnetic induction heated, graphite heat storage core adapted to heat compressed fluid for subsequent expansion across a fluid turbine to generate rotary mechanical power output.

Claims

1. Power turbomachinery, comprising:

a compressor for compressing a working fluid;

a turbine driven by the compressed working fluid to produce a mechanical power output;

a pair of operably parallel passages for carrying fluid from said compressor to said turbine;

a noncombustion heat storage element cooperating with one of said passages for heating the working fluid therein being delivered from said compressor to said turbine whereby the compressed, heating working fluid expands across said turbine to drive the latter and the temperature of working fluid delivered to said turbine is dependent upon the ratio of fluid flowing through said pair of passages;

means adapted to be connected to a source of electrical energy for preheating said storage element by electromagnetic induction, said storage element comprising a solid, carbonaceous, foraminated body which is subject to continuing loss of stored heat as it heats fluid in said one of the passages subsequent to said preheating; and

control means for adjusting said ratio of fluid flowing through said pair of passages to accommodate for the continuing loss of heat from said storage element as the latter heats fluid in said one of the passages.

2. Noncombustion turbomachinery, comprising

a compressor for compressing a working fluid;

a turbine driven by the compressed working fluid;

first conduit means including a pair of operably parallel passages for carrying working fluid form said compressor to said turbine;

second conduit means for returning working fluid from said turbine to said compressor;

a noncombustion heat storage element arranged to substantially heat the working fluid carried in only one of said of pair of passages whereby the temperature of working fluid delivered to said turbine is dependent on the ratio of working fluid flowing through said pair of passages; and

control means operably coupled with said first conduit means for controlling said ratio to maintain said temperature substantially constant,

said control means including means for sensing said temperature of fluid delivered to the turbine, adjustable valve means disposed in said first conduit means, and feedback means operably coupled with said sensor and said valve means for adjusting the latter to alter said ratio in relation to said sensed temperature.

3. Turbomachinery as set forth in claim 2, wherein said valve means includes a flow control valve in each of said first and second passages, said feedback means operable to substantially simultaneously oppositely adjust and valves.

4. Turbomachinery as set forth in claim 3, further including means defining a mixing chamber for receiving and recombining fluid from both said first and second passages.

5. Turbomachinery as set forth in claim 3, further including a heat exchanger disposed in heat exchange relationship with said second conduit means for cooling fluid therein prior to its return to said compressor.

6. Turbomachinery as set forth in claim 5, further including a recuperator disposed in heat exchange relationship with said second conduit means upstream of said heat exchanger and with said first conduit means upstream of said heat storage element to effect transfer of heat from fluid in said second conduit means to fluid in said first conduit means.

7. Power turbomachinery, comprising:

a compressor for compressing a working fluid;

a turbine driven by the compressed working fluid to produce a mechanical power output;

conduit means for carrying the working fluid between said compressor and said turbine in recirculatory, closed loop fashion;

a noncombustion heat storage element cooperating with said conduit means for heating the working fluid being delivered from said compressor to said turbine whereby the compressed, heating working fluid expands across said turbine to drive the latter; and

means adapted to be connected to a source of electrical energy for heating said storage element by electromagnetic induction,

said heat storage element including an external metallic casing having fluid inlet and outlet means, a foraminated graphite core supported generally centrally within said casing, thermal insulation within the casing and substantially enclosing said core and cooperating therewith to define a mixing chamber and a plenum chamber on opposite sides of said core communicating with one another through said foraminated core, means in the housing defining first and second flow passages communicating said casing inlet means with said mixing chamber and said plenum chamber respectively, and means defining a third flow passage communicating said mixing chamber with said casing outlet means.

8. Turbomachinery as set forth in claim 7, wherein said means for heating said storage element includes an electromagnetic induction coil disposed within said casing in surrounding relationship to said insulation and operable to heat said core by electromagnetic induction.

9. Turbomachinery as set forth in claim 8, further including a laminated magnetic shield disposed between said coil and said casing for inhibiting heating of the latter during heating of said core.

10. In combination:

(a) a rotary compressor having a fluid inlet and discharge for receiving fluid at said inlet and exhausting the fluid through said discharge in a compressed state;

(b) a hollowed, metallic, external casing having fluid inlet and outlet means;

(c) first conduit means communicating said compressor discharge with said casing inlet means;

(d) a foraminated graphite core supported generally centrally within said external casing;

(e) thermal insulation in said casing substantially enclosing said core and cooperating therewith to define a fluid mixing chamber and a separate fluid plenum chamber, said core having a plurality of internal through passages communicating with both said mixing and plenum chambers;

(f) an electromagnetic induction coil disposed between said insulation and said external casing, said coil adapted to be connected to an external source of electrical energy to heat said core by electromagnetic induction;

(g) a laminated magnetic shield disposed between said coil and said external casing for inhibiting heating of said casing during heating of said core;

(h) means in said casing defining first and second fluid passages extending from said casing inlet means to said mixing chamber and said plenum chamber respectively, whereby a portion of the fluid exhausted from said compressor flows through said first passage to reach said mixing chamber at a temperature below said constant temperature, while the remainder of the fluid flows through said second passage to said plenum chamber and then through said internal passages in heat exchange relationship with said core to reach said mixing chamber at a temperature above said constant temperature;

(i) means in said casing defining a third fluid passage extending from said mixing chamber to said casing outlet means whereby fluid is exhausted from said outlet means at a temperature dependent upon the ratio of fluid flowing through said first and second passages;

(j) an adjustable flow control valve associated with each of said first and second passages for altering said ratio of fluid flows in the first and second passages;

(k) a rotary turbine having a fluid inlet communicating with said casing outlet means whereby the fluid exhausted from the latter expands across said turbine to rotate the turbine, said turbine having a fluid outlet;

(l) feedback means operably coupled with said turbine and said valves for sensing temperature of fluid at said turbine inlet and actuating said valves in relation to said sensed temperature to alter said ratio of fluid flows to maintain said temperature of fluid at the turbine inlet at substantially constant, preselected level;

(m) second conduit means communicating said turbine outlet with said compressor inlet for returning the fluid to said compressor;

(n) a heat exchanger operably communicating with said second conduit means for cooling the fluid prior to its return to said compressor;

(o) a recuperator operably communicating with said second conduit means upstream of said heat exchanger and communicating with said first conduit means whereby a portion of the heat carried by fluid in said second conduit means is transferrred to fluid in said first conduit means; and

(p) a shaft operably interconnecting said turbine and compressor whereby rotation of said turbine effects rotation of said compressor.

11. In combination with power turbomachinery including a fluid compressor, a fluid expansion motor, and conduit means for carrying fluid between the compressor and motor in closed loop, recirculatory fashion:

a noncombustion heat storage element comprising a solid, foraminated, carbonaceous sensible heat storage body cooperating with said conduit means for heating fluid being delivered from said compressor to said motor whereby the heated fluid expands across said motor to drive the latter; and

means adapted to be connected to a source of electrical energy for heating said element by electromagnetic induction.

12. A method of producing mechanical power, comprising the steps of:

preheating a noncombustion heat storage unit by electromagnetic induction;

compressing a working fluid;

dividing the compressed working fluid into first and second portions;

heating the first portion of fluid by passing it through the heat storage unit in heat exchange relationship therewith and then onto a mixing chamber to reach the latter at a relatively high temperature, said heating of the first portion of fluid causing a continuing loss of heat stored in said storage unit;

passing the second position of fluid to said mixing chamber to reach said mixing chamber at a relatively low temperature;

recombining the first and second portions of fluid in the mixing chamber for subsequent exhaust therefrom at a temperature intermediate said high and low temperatures;

extending the recombined fluid across a fluid motor to produce a mechanical power output;

regulating the ratio of said first and second portions of fluid to accommodate for said continuing loss of heat by the storage unit and control said intermediate temperature of the recombined fluid to a substantially constant, preselected level;

cooling the expanded fluid exhausted from the motor; and

recirculating the cooled fluid in closed loop fashion for recompression and reuse.

13. A method as set forth in claim 12, further including the step of utilizing a portion of said mechanical power to effect said compressing step.

14. A method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said regulating step further includes sensing said intermediate temperature and substantially simultaneously oppositely actuating a pair of flow control valves to regulate said ratio.

15. A method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said cooling step includes passing the expanded fluid through a heat exchanger.

16. A method as set forth in claim 15, wherein said cooling step further includes recuperating a portion of the heat carried in said expanded fluid prior to passing through said heat exchanger by directing the expanded fluid into heat exchange relationship with the compressed fluid at a location upstream of said heat storage unit.

17. A method of producing mechanical power comprising the steps of:

preheating a solid, foraminated, carbonaceous heat storage unit by electromagnetic induction;

compressing a working fluid;

separating the working fluid into first and second portions;

passing said first portion of the compressed fluid in heat exchange relationship with said heat storage unit to heat said first portion and cause a continuing loss of heat stored in said storage unit;

recombining said heated first portion and said second portion of the compressed fluid;

expanding the recombined fluid across a fluid motor to drive a mechanical power output shaft; and

regulating the ratio of said first and second portions of fluid to accommodate for said continuing loss of heat to maintain the temperature of said recombined fluid at a substantially constant preselected level.