Rotary beam light curtain

• US 4,107,522 A
• Filed: 10/15/1976
• Issued: 08/15/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 11/11/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Erwin SICK Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Optik-Elektronik
• Original Assignee: Erwin SICK Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Optik-Elektronik
• Inventors: Walter, Arthur
• Primary Examiner(s): Nelms, David C.
• Application Number:
  US05/732,559
• Time in Patent Office: 669 Days
• Field of Search: 250/221, 250/222, 250/223, 250/234, 250/235, 250/236, 340/258 B
• US Class Current: 250/221
• CPC Class Codes: F16P 3/144 using light grids
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 8/18 using mechanical scanning systems
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/124 plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet

Abstract

A light curtain for scanning rectangular openings with an oscillating light beam originating in a corner of the opening. A photo-detector is placed in the same corner. Retroreflectors, such as triple reflectors are placed on adjacent sides of the opening which are opposite the light source for reflecting light back to the photo-sensor. Above a critical reflection angle for the retroreflector, a plane mirror is provided which directs light from the source to the retroreflector on the adjacent side so that light impinging on the mirror at an angle exceeding the critical angle is received by the adjacent retroreflector at an angle that is within the critical angle. Consequently, such light is reflected via the plane mirror back to the photo-sensor. The light can be modulated to facilitate the monitoring of the area encompassed by the opening.

Claims

1. Aparatus for detecting the presence of an object in an area defined by predetermined area bounds comprising:

a light source disposed at a given location of the bounds and including means for generating a light beam and means for changing the direction of the light beam so as to scan therewith the full area, whereby the light beam will impinge on the area bounds;

a photo-sensitive device at the location for generating an output signal as a function of light received by the device;

a first retroreflector placed along a portion of the bounds opposite the light source for reflecting at least part of the beam impinging thereon back to the device;

a second retroreflector placed along another portion of the bounds spaced apart from the first mentioned portion thereon for likewise reflecting the beam impinging thereon back to the device; and

mirror means placed along a third portion of the bounds intermediate the first and second portions and oriented relative to the second retroreflector for reflecting the light beam impinging thereon to the second retroreflector;

whereby the retroreflectors reflect a directly impinging light beam from the source directly back to the device while a light beam from the source impinging on the mirror means is first directed to the second retroreflector which redirects such light beam via the mirror means to the device.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 including at least one further mirror means placed on a fourth portion of the bounds separated from the third portion by at least the second portion for receiving a light beam reflected by the first mentioned mirror means and for reflecting such light beam to the second retroreflector, whereby such light beam impinging on the second retroreflector is redirected to the device via the further mirror means and the first mentioned mirror means.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 including a plurality of spaced apart, non-reflective strips placed over the retroreflectors.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the area is a rectangle, wherein the bounds is defined by alternating long and short sides of the rectangle, and wherein the first retroreflector and the mirror means extend over the full length of a long rectangle side, and the second retroreflector extends over a short side of the rectangle.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the light source is disposed adjacent a short side of the rectangle.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the light source is disposed in a corner of the rectangle which is opposite the rectangle sides on which the retroreflectors and the mirror means are disposed.

7. Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the mirror means extending from a corner of the rectangle diagonally opposite the light source over a portion of the long rectangle side, and wherein the first retroreflector extends over a remainder of such long rectangle side.

8. Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the first retroreflector is dimensioned so that a light beam from the source impinging thereon strikes the first retroreflector at an angle of incidence no less than a critical angle of incidence for such retroreflector.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the angle of incidence is no greater than about 15°

.

10. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the angle of incidence is no greater than about 45°

.

11. Apparatus according to claim 1 including means for modulating the light source at a relatively high frequency.

12. Apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the light source is a light emitting diode.

13. Apparatus according to claim 12 including a radio frequency source for driving the diode.

14. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the direction changing means includes means for scanning the the light beam over the area.

15. Apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the scanning means includes means for rotatably moving the light beam through a sufficient angle so as to scan therewith the full area.

16. Apparatus according to claim 15 including means for initiating the rotation of the light beam at one of its limiting positions within said angle of rotation.

17. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the direction changing means comprises means for scanning the light beam over the area, and including a photo-sensitive device positioned along the bounds and located on the bounds at least one terminal point of the light beam scan.

18. Apparatus according to claim 17 including a photo-sensitive device positioned on the bounds intermediate the terminal points of the light beam scan.

19. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the light source includes means for scanning the light beam over the area through an angle greater than that required for fully covering the area with the scanning beam, and including electric circuit means operatively coupled with the device for sensitizing the device only while the light beam is within the bounds and over a portion of the area.

20. Apparatus for scanning an area bound by sides that are angularly inclined relative to each other, the area defining first and second, generally diagonally opposed corners and first and second sides which intersect at the second corner, the apparatus comprising:

a light transmitter-receiver disposed in the first corner including means for scanning a light beam over substantially the full length of the first and second sides;

first and second retroreflector means for reflecting back to the transmitter-receiver light incident thereon at an angle of incidence up to a predetermined critical angle, the first and second retroreflector means being disposed along portions of the first and second sides so as to limit the angle of incidence of light from that source striking the retroreflector means to the critical angle of incidence; and

plane mirror means disposed along a remaining portion of the first side between the second corner and an end of the first retroreflector means;

whereby light from the source strikes the mirror means at an angle of incidence which is greater than the critical angle;

the second retroreflector and the mirror means being oriented with respect to each other so that light from the source striking the mirror means is reflected by the mirror means towards the second retroreflector means and strikes the latter at an angle of incidence that is less than the critical angle;

whereby the second retroreflector means reflects such incoming light via the mirror means back to the transmitter-receiver.

21. Apparatus according to claim 20 wherein the area is a rectangle, and wherein the first side is longer than the second side.

22. Apparatus according to claim 21 wherein the ratio between the sides is such that light reflected by the mirror means strikes a third, long side of the rectangle disposed opposite the second side, and including at least one additional plane mirror means mounted along the second side for reflecting light received thereby from the first flat mirror means to the second retroreflector means, whereby the second retroreflector means redirects such light via the first and second mirror means to the receiver-transmitter.

23. Apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the length of the retroreflector means is such that the angle of incidence of direct light from the light source is no greater than between about 15°

to about 45°

.

24. Apparatus for scanning a generally rectangular area bound by perpendicular sides and having first and second diagonally opposed corners, and a long side and a short side which converge at the second corner, the apparatus comprising:

a light transmitter-receiver disposed in the first corner including means for scanning a light beam over substantially the full length of the long and short sides to thereby scan the light beam over the full area;

a first retroreflector placed along the long side, extending from an end of such side opposite the second corner to an intermediate point thereof, and having a length so that the light beam from the source strikes it at an angle of incidence that is less than a predetermined critical angle of incidence for the retroreflector;

a second retroreflector placed along the short side, terminating at the second corner and having a length so that the light beam from the source strikes it at an angle of incidence that is less than a predetermined critical angle of incidence for the second retroreflector; and

a plane mirror placed along the side and extending from the point to the second corner;

whereby a light beam directly striking the retroreflectors is directly reflected back to the transmitter-receiver and a light beam striking the mirror at an angle greater than the critical angle is directed by the mirror to the second retroreflector and strikes the latter at an angle of incidence which is less than the critical angle for reflection of such light beam by the second retroreflector via the mirror back to the transmitter-receiver.