Oil well fluids and dispersants
First Claim
1. A water-in-oil emulsion spacer fluid which is compatible with drilling fluids and cement compositions and which can be used effectively in a well to separate various types of fluids, cement compositions and combinations thereof without significant alteration in the rheological properties, said spacer fluid comprising about 40-60 parts by volume of a hydrocarbon oil;
- about 40-60 parts by volume fresh water having, before inclusion of the spacer fluid, a dissolved chloride salt content of less than 1,000 parts per million and a total hardness of less than 500 parts per million; and
about 15-40 pounds of an emulsifier composition per barrel of said spacer fluid;
said emulsifier composition consisting essentially of about 1-20 weight percent of a first fatty acid amide, wherein the fatty acid precursor contains about 12-18 carbon atoms and the amide contains about 16-22 carbon atoms and about 0.5-10 pounds per barrel of spacer fluid of a surfactant-dispersant comprising a mixture of sulfonated lignin and a second fatty acid amide;
wherein for said surfactant-dispersant, said sulfonated lignin is mixed with said second fatty acid amide in an amount equal to about 25-75% of said mixture;
wherein said first fatty acid amide is the reaction product of a di-lower alkanol amine and said fatty acid; and
wherein the amine precursor of the second fatty acid amide is an alkyl or aryl amino sulfonic acid, wherein the alkyl or aryl radicals contain 1-6 carbon atoms.
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Abstract
The invention of this application is a dispersant system with various embodiments and subcombinations with exceptional dispersions including colloidal suspensions, aqueous hydrocarbon emulsions and emulsions with solid particulate additives dispersed therein. The basic dispersant system which makes the high stability, high weight dispersions or emulsions possible comprises an emulsifier composition containing a fatty acid amide, oleic acid, dimerized oleic acid and a particular type of surfactant dispersant. For certain applications the following optional components can be used: particulate filler or carrier; a hydrocarbon phase which can be either liquid or a colloidal solid; water soluble salts weighting agents; insoluble salts and conventional additives. This dispersant system can be used for aqueous hydrocarbon well fluids such as spacer and packer fluid, for aqueous hydrocarbon dispersions such as asphaltic colloids in an oil free fluid for sealing and lubricating a well bore, or for other aqueous hydrocarbon emulsions which can be used with salts, weighting agents, etc. for a drilling fluid.
93 Citations
19 Claims
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1. A water-in-oil emulsion spacer fluid which is compatible with drilling fluids and cement compositions and which can be used effectively in a well to separate various types of fluids, cement compositions and combinations thereof without significant alteration in the rheological properties, said spacer fluid comprising about 40-60 parts by volume of a hydrocarbon oil;
- about 40-60 parts by volume fresh water having, before inclusion of the spacer fluid, a dissolved chloride salt content of less than 1,000 parts per million and a total hardness of less than 500 parts per million; and
about 15-40 pounds of an emulsifier composition per barrel of said spacer fluid;
said emulsifier composition consisting essentially of about 1-20 weight percent of a first fatty acid amide, wherein the fatty acid precursor contains about 12-18 carbon atoms and the amide contains about 16-22 carbon atoms and about 0.5-10 pounds per barrel of spacer fluid of a surfactant-dispersant comprising a mixture of sulfonated lignin and a second fatty acid amide;
wherein for said surfactant-dispersant, said sulfonated lignin is mixed with said second fatty acid amide in an amount equal to about 25-75% of said mixture;
wherein said first fatty acid amide is the reaction product of a di-lower alkanol amine and said fatty acid; and
wherein the amine precursor of the second fatty acid amide is an alkyl or aryl amino sulfonic acid, wherein the alkyl or aryl radicals contain 1-6 carbon atoms. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
- about 40-60 parts by volume fresh water having, before inclusion of the spacer fluid, a dissolved chloride salt content of less than 1,000 parts per million and a total hardness of less than 500 parts per million; and
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13. An emulsifier for preparing a water-in-oil emulsion having good stability at high temperatures and to the addition of weighting material to said emulsion comprising a basic emulsifier consisting essentially of the reaction product of oleic acid and diethanolamine to form an oleyl amide, said reaction product being present in an amount in the range of about 1-20% by weight and a surfactant-dispersant agent being present in an amount in the range of about 0.5-20% by weight;
- said surfactant-dispersant comprising a mixture of sulfonated lignin mixed with a fatty acid amide, wherein the fatty acid precursor contains 12-18 carbon atoms and the amine precursor is an alkyl or aryl amino sulfonic acid, wherein the alkyl or aryl radicals contain 1-6 carbon atoms; and
wherein the fatty acid amide is mixed with said sulfonated lignin in an amount equal to about 25-75% of said mixture. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17)
- said surfactant-dispersant comprising a mixture of sulfonated lignin mixed with a fatty acid amide, wherein the fatty acid precursor contains 12-18 carbon atoms and the amine precursor is an alkyl or aryl amino sulfonic acid, wherein the alkyl or aryl radicals contain 1-6 carbon atoms; and
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18. A water-in-oil emulsion drilling fluid having good stability at high temperature and to the addition of weighting materials comprising oil, water, a basic emulsifier and a surfactant-dispersant effective for dispersing conventional weighting materials in said emulsion comprising a mixture of liquid oleyl amide and sulfonated lignin;
- said basic emulsifier consisting essentially of a mixture of the reaction product of oleic acid and diethanolamine to form an oleyl amide mixed with dimerized oleic acid;
wherein the liquid oleyl amide of said surfactant-dispersant is mixed with the sulfonated lignin in an amount equal to 25-75% of said mixture and the amine precursor is an alkyl or aryl amino sulfonic acid;
wherein the alkyl or aryl radicals contain 1-6 carbon atoms; and
wherein the dimerized oleic acid is present in said mixture in an amount up to about 30%. - View Dependent Claims (19)
- said basic emulsifier consisting essentially of a mixture of the reaction product of oleic acid and diethanolamine to form an oleyl amide mixed with dimerized oleic acid;
Specification