Beamformer for wideband signals

• US 4,112,430 A
• Filed: 06/01/1977
• Issued: 09/05/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 06/01/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Ladstatter, James A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hubler, Malcolm F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Berger, Richard E.
• Application Number:
  US05/802,330
• Time in Patent Office: 461 Days
• Field of Search: 343/100 SA, 343/100 R, 340/6 R
• US Class Current: 342/368
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/48 the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/74 Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single antenna system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals systems in which the directions of different signals are determined sequentially and displayed simultaneously G01S3/04, G01S3/14
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/8006 Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single aerial system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/8083 determining direction of source
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/346 using phase variation
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/2605 Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays

Abstract

A beamformer for wideband signals wherein the elemental signals available the sensors of a receiving array are subjected to Fast Fourier Transformations which decompose them into a plurality of narrowband signals. The narrowband signals, which consist of signals having the same Fourier coefficients, are subjected to appropriate phase shifts to form a plurality of narrowband beams having the directional characteristics desired. Reconstruction of the wideband signal is accomplished by subjecting the narrowband beams to an inverse Fast Fourier Transform. The beamforming is thus performed with narrowband signals, and only phase shift circuits are required.

Claims

1. In a method for receiving a wideband signal, the steps of detecting said wideband signal with an array of sensors;

subjecting each elemental signal produced by a sensor to a

Fast Fourier Transform operation,

each FFT operation producing a plurality of output signals, with each output signal consisting of a time series of a particular Fourier coefficient;

forming a like plurality of narrowband beams having desired directional characteristics from those output signals which correspond to the same Fourier coefficient; and

subjecting all of said narrowband beams to an inverse FFT operation thereby to reconstitute said wideband signal.

2. In a method as defined in claim 1 wherein the step of forming the narrowband beams is accomplished with phase shifting and signal summation apparatus.

3. In a method as defined in claim 1 wherein the bandwidth of the apparatus performing the FFT operation is such that this parameter times the maximum time interval between the times of first and last detection of said wideband signal by said array is less than 0.5.

4. In a method for directionally receiving a wideband signal, the steps of

detecting said wideband signal with an array of sensors;

subjecting each of the elemental signals resulting from said direction to an FFT;

imparting to the different time series of Fourier coefficients which are produced by said FFT predetermined amounts of phase shifts and summing each phase shifted series to form a plurality of narrowband beams having desired directional characteristics; and

subjecting all of said narrowband beams to an inverse FFT thereby to reconstitute said wideband signal.

5. In an arrangement as defined in claim 4 wherein the orientation of said array with respect to the direction of said wideband signal is such that the maximum time between the impingment of said signal on the first sensor it encounters and the last sensor it encounters times the bandwidth of the apparatus which performs the FFT is less than 0.5.

6. A beamforming arrangement for receiving a wideband signal, comprising in combination

an array of sensors each sensor producing an elemental signal in response to the impingment thereon of said wideband signal;

means for FFTing each of said elemental signals, each FFT operation producing a plurality of time series of different Fourier coefficients;

means for forming a narrowband beam having a desired directional characteristic from each time series that corresponds to a particular Fourier coefficient; and

means for performing an inverse FFT on all of said narrowband beams so as to recreate said wideband signal.

7. In a method for receiving a wideband signal, the steps of detecting said wideband signal with an array of sensors;

converting each elemental signal produced by a sensor into a multiplicity of narrowband signals,

said narrowband signals having frequencies that correspond to different Fourier coefficients which are present in said wideband signal;

forming a like multiplicity of narrowband directional beams from said multiplicity of narrowband signals; and

reconstructing said wideband signal from said narrowband beams.

8. In a method as defined in claim 7 wherein said converting step is an FFT operation.

9. In a method as defined in claim 8 wherein the FFT operation is carried out on overlapping windows of wideband signal.

10. In an arrangement as defined in claim 9 wherein the bandwidth of the apparatus performing the FFT operation multiplied by the maximum time delay between the first and last detection of said wideband signal by said array is less than 0.5.

11. In a method as defined in claim 7 wherein each elemental signal produced by the array is subjected to time weighing to minimize the frequency sidelobes present in the narrowband beams.

12. In a method as defined in claim 7 wherein said reconstructing step is an inverse FFT operation.