Method of predicting and determining ovulation by monitoring the concentration of volatile sulfur-containing compounds present in mouth air

• US 4,119,089 A
• Filed: 02/02/1977
• Issued: 10/10/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Monell Chemical Senses Center (Main Line Health System)
• Original Assignee: Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania (University of Pennsylvania)
• Inventors: Preti, George, Huggins, George R., Tonzetich, Joseph
• Primary Examiner(s): Michell, Robert W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jaworski, Francis J.
• Application Number:
  US05/764,750
• Time in Patent Office: 615 Days
• Field of Search: 128/2 W, 128/2 R, 128/1 C, 23/230 B, 23/253 TP, 23/232 C
• US Class Current: 436/65
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 10/0012 Ovulation-period determination for animals A61D17/002
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2010/0006 involving a colour change
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/90 Breath testing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/906 Fertility tests
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/18 Sulfur containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/182 Organic or sulfhydryl containing [e.g., mercaptan, hydrogen, sulfide, etc.]

Abstract

A novel method is provided for precisely predicting and then ascertaining the time of ovulation by monitoring the mouth air of a female, a first peak after menses in the concentration of said volatile sulfur-containing compounds in said mouth air predicting ovulation by about 5 to 7 days, and a second increase thereafter being indicative of ovulation. Alternatively, a method is provided wherein TPTZ is utilized to sense secondary characteristics associated with the production of volatile sulfur compounds for the purpose of providing a simple colorimetric home test for determining the precise time of ovulation.

Claims

1. A method of diagnosing ovulation in female mammals comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the mouth air of one of said mammals during the fertility cycle for at least one volatile sulfur compound commonly occurring in said mouth air of said mammals; and

(b) providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to variations in the concentration of said volatile sulfur compound in said mouth air;

whereby said means for indicating said variations in concentration diagnoses ovulation in said female mammal.

2. The invention of claim 1 wherein said female mammal is a human female.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said volatile sulfur compound is a compound selected from the group consisting essentially of H₂ S, CH₃ SH, (CH₃)₂ S and mixtures thereof.

4. The invention of claim 1 wherein said female mammal is a cow.

5. The invention of claim 1 wherein said female mammal is a mare.

11. The invention of claim 1 wherein said indicator means comprises means for detecting the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds which means responds to variations in said concentrations with a color change reaction which varies in intensity proportionally to the concentration of said volatile sulfur compounds.

6. A method of diagnosing ovulation in a given female mammal comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the mouth air of said mammal during the fertility cycle for at least one volatile sulfur compound commonly found in said mouth air;

(b) providing indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to variations in the concentration of said compound in said mouth air; and

(c) evaluating the correspondence of variations in concentration of said compound to the time of ovulation as indicated by other known ovulating indicators;

whereby said evaluation establishes the quantitative and qualitative response which is diagnostic of ovulation in said given mammal.

7. The invention of claim 6 wherein said female mammal is a human female.

8. The invention of claim 6 wherein said volatile sulfur compounds are compounds selected from the group consisting essentially of H₂ S, CH₃ SH, (CH₃)₂ S and mixtures thereof.

9. The invention of claim 6 wherein said indicator means is a gas-chromatograph.

10. The invention of claim 6 wherein a second significant increase after menses in the concentration of said volatile sulfur compounds is diagnostic of ovulation.

12. A method of diagnosing ovulation in female mammals comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the saliva of one of said mammals during the fertility cycle for at least one volatile sulfur compound commonly occuring in said saliva of said mammals; and

(b) providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to variations in the rate of said volatile sulfur compound production in said saliva;

whereby said means for indicating said variations in concentration diagnoses ovulating in said female mammal.

13. The invention of claim 12 wherein said female mammal is a human female.

14. The invention of claim 12 wherein said volatile sulfur compound is a compound selected from the group consisting essentially of H₂ S, CH₃ SH, (CH₃)₂ S and mixtures thereof.

15. The invention of claim 12 wherein said indicator means is a means for detecting secondary characteristics associated with the rate of production of said volatile sulfur compound in said saliva.

16. The invention of claim 15 wherein said indicator means comprises means for detecting the rate of volatile sulfur compound production, which means responds to variations in said rate with a color change reaction which varies in intensity proportionally to the rate of said volatile sulfur compound production.

17. The invention of claim 16 wherein said means for detecting the rate of volatile sulfur compound production detects the rate of conversion of cystine residues to cysteines occurring in said saliva.

18. The invention of claim 17 wherein said means for detecting the rate of volatile sulfur compound production further comprises 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride which is reduced to triphenyl-formazan to produce said color change reaction.

19. The invention of claim 18 wherein said color change is compared to colorimetric standards, said standards having been prepared by evaluating the correspondence of the rate of volatile sulfur compound production to the time of ovulation as indicated by other known ovulation indicators.

20. A method of diagnosing the onset of the fertile period and ovulation in female mammals comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the variation in concentration of the mouth air of one of said mammals during the fertility cycle for at least one volatile surfur compound commonly occurring in said mouth air of said mammals, significant increases in said concentrations corresponding to the 5th to 7th day prior to ovulation and the time of ovulation of said mammal; and

(b) providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to variations in the concentration of said volatile sulfur compounds in said mouth air;

whereby responses of said means are predictive of the impending onset of the fertile period and ovulation in said female mammal.

21. A method of predicting the fertile period of female mammals comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the mouth air of one of said mammals for variations in concentration of at least one volatile sulfur compound commonly occurring in the mouth air of said mammals, beginning said monitoring at the cessation of menses; and

(b) providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the variations in concentration of said volatile sulfur compound in said mouth air;

whereby said means for indicating said variations in said concentration predicts the fertile period of said mammal.

22. The invention of claim 21 wherein said female mammals are human females.

23. The invention of claim 21 wherein a first response of said indicator means indicating an increase in said volatile sulfur compound concentration is predictive by 5 to 7 days of the time of ovulation of said female mammal, whereby the onset of the fertile period of said female is predicted by at least 2 days.

24. The invention of claim 23 wherein a second response of said indicator means indicating an increase in said volatile sulfur compound concentration and occurring at least 4 days after said first response indicates ovulation.

25. The invention of claim 24 wherein the volatile sulfur compound which is monitored in selected from either H₂ S or CH₃ SH, and mixtures thereof.

26. A birth control method comprising the steps of:

(a) predicting the fertile period of a female mammal by monitoring the variation in concentration of the mouth air of said mammal for at least one volatile sulfur compound by beginning said monitoring at the cessation of menses, said variation preceding the onset of the fertile period of said mammal;

(b) providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to variations in the concentration of said volatile sulfur compound in said mouth air, wherein a first response of said indicator means indicating an increase in said volatile sulfur compound concentration predicts the onset of the fertile period of said mammal by at least 2 days, and wherein a second response of said indicator means indicating an increase in said volatile sulfur compound concentration and occurring at least five days after said first response indicates ovulation; and

(c) causing said mammal to avoid exposure to fertilization beginning no more than 2 days after said first increase and ending at least 1 day after said second increase.

27. A birth control method comprising the steps of:

(a) predicting the fertile period of a female mammal by monitoring the variation in concentration of at least one volatile sulfur compound of the mouth air of said mammal for said volatile sulfur compound by beginning said monitoring at the cessation of menses, said variation preceding by approximately 5 to 7 days the occurrence of ovulation of said mammal and the time of ovulation of said mammal;

(b) providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to variations in the concentration of said volatile sulfur compound in said mouth air, wherein a first response of said indicator means indicating an increase in said volatile sulfur compound concentration predicts the onset of the fertile period by from between 2 and 4 days and wherein a second response to said indicator means indicating an increase in said volatile sulfur compound concentration and occurring at least 4 days after said first response indicates ovulation; and

(c) causing said mammal to avoid exposure to fertilization beginning no more than 2 days after said first increase and ending at least 2 days after said second increase.