Active imaging system using time programmed dwell

• US 4,129,780 A
• Filed: 06/21/1977
• Issued: 12/12/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 06/21/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Varo, Inc. (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Varo, Inc. (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Laughlin, Richard H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Willis, Davis L.
• Application Number:
  US05/809,052
• Time in Patent Office: 539 Days
• Field of Search: 250/330, 250/332, 250/333, 250/338, 250/340, 250/341, 356/5, 343/5 PD, 343/6 ND
• US Class Current: 250/333
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/18 wherein range gates are used

Abstract

An imaging system for detection of a target is provided which compensates for range dependency of a reflected interrogating signal. The imaging system includes an electromagnetic radiation source for generating a series of interrogating pulse signals directed towards the target. A receiver is provided and operable to be triggered for receiving during preselected time intervals the reflected interrogating pulse signals from the target and for generating a resultant output signal. The system further includes circuitry connected for triggering the receiver to receive reflected interrogating pulse signals according to a predetermined time function. The number of reflected interrogating pulse signals thus received by the receiver is dependent on the distance between the receiver and the target. The receiver thus generates a resultant output signal to provide a signal of constant amplitude independent of the distance between the receiver and target.

Claims

1. An imaging system for detection of a target comprising:

an electromagnetic radiation source for generating a series of interrogating pulse signals directed towards the target;

receiver means operable to be triggered for receiving during preselected time intervals reflected interrogating pulse signals from the target and for generating a resultant output signal; and

circuit means connected for triggering said receiver means to receive reflected interrogating pulse signals according to a predetermined time function such that the number of reflected interrogating pulse signals received by said receiver means is dependent on the distance between said receiver means and the target, said receiver means thus generating a resultant output signal to provide a signal of constant amplitude independent of the distance between said receiver means and the target.

2. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said receiver means is operable to be triggered for receiving during preselected fixed time intervals reflected interrogating pulse signals from the target and for generating a resultant output signal.

3. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein the number of reflected interrogating pulse signals received by said receiver means increases as the distance between said receiver means and the target increases.

4. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said interrogating pulse signals have a fixed gate width.

5. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said receiver means receives reflected interrogating signals during fixed time intervals controlled by said circuit means.

6. The imaging system of claim 5 wherein said receiver receives reflected interrogating pulse signals during a plurality of said fixed time intervals, such that said fixed time intervals are delayed with respect to one another by said circuit means as the distance between said receiver means and the target increases.

7. The imaging system of claim 6 wherein said circuit means controls the time duration between successive triggerings of said receiver means such that the time duration between adjacent ones of said fixed time intervals in which said receiver receives reflected interrogating pulse signals decreases as the distance between said receiver and the target increases.

8. The imaging system of claim 7 wherein said receiver means integrates said received reflected interrogating pulse signals to form an optical image of the target.

9. The imaging system of claim 8 wherein the number of reflected interrogating pulse signals received and integrated by said receiver means increases as the distance between said receiver and the target increases.

10. The imaging system of claim 9 wherein the number of received reflected interrogating pulse signals received and integrated by said receiver means increases at a rate proportional to four times the distance between said receiver and the target.

11. The imaging system of claim 8 wherein the time duration between successive ones of said fixed time intervals in which said receiver means receives reflected interrogating pulse signals decreases at a rate proportional to the inverse of four times the distance between said receiver and the target.

12. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said receiver comprises a gated image intensifier.

13. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said receiver comprises a gated detector.

14. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said receiver comprises a gated detector array.

15. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said source comprises a laser.

16. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said source comprises a broad band optical source.

17. An active imaging system for detecting a target comprising:

an electromagnetic radiation source for generating gated interrogating pulse signals having a fixed gate width and directed towards the target;

receiver means for being triggered to receive reflected interrogating pulse signals from the target during preselected fixed window intervals;

means for synchronizing the operation of said source and said receiver means;

circuit means for triggering said receiver means to receive reflected interrogating pulse signals during said preselected fixed window intervals at a rate dependent upon the distance between the target and said receiver means; and

means for integrating said received reflected interrogating pulse signals to generate a resultant signal of constant amplitude independent of the distance between said receiver means and the target.

18. The imaging system of claim 17 wherein said circuit means triggers said receiver means such that the trigger rate increases as the distance between said receiver means and the target increases.

19. The imaging system of claim 17 wherein said circuit means triggers said receiver means such that the time duration between successive window intervals decreases as the distance between said receiver means and the target increases.

20. The imaging system of claim 17 wherein said radiation source comprises a laser.

21. The imaging system of claim 17 wherein said receiver means comprises a gated image intensifier.

22. The imaging system of claim 17 wherein the number of reflected interrogating pulse signals received and integrated by said receiver means increases at a rate proportional to four times the distance between said receiver and the target.

23. The imaging system of claim 17 wherein the time duration between successive ones of said preselected fixed time intervals in which said receiver means receives reflected interrogating pulse signals decreases at a rate proportional to the inverse of four times the distance between said receiver and the target.

24. An active imaging system for detection of a target comprising:

laser means for generating gated interrogating pulse signals having a fixed gate width and directed towards the target;

a gated image intensifier for being triggered to receive reflected interrogating pulse signals from the target during preselected fixed window intervals;

means for synchronizing the operation of said laser means and said image intensifier;

circuit means interconnected between said means for synchronizing and said gated image intensifier for triggering said image intensifier to receive reflected interrogating signals during said preselected fixed window intervals at a rate dependent upon the distance between the target and said image intensifier; and

means for integrating said received reflected interrogating pulse signals to generate a resultant signal independent of the distance between said image intensifier and the target.

25. The imaging system of claim 24 wherein the number of reflected interrogating pulse signals received and integrated by said image intensifier increases as the distance between said image intensifier and the target increases.

26. The imaging system of claim 24 wherein the time duration between successive ones of said fixed window intervals in which said image intensifier receives reflected interrogating pulse signals decreases as the distance between said image intensifier and the target increases.

27. The imaging system of claim 24 wherein adjacent ones of said fixed window intervals overlap as the distance between said image intensifier and the target increases above a predetermined range.

28. A method employing an active imaging system for detection of a target comprising:

generating a series of interrogating pulse signals having a fixed gate width directed towards the target;

receiving at a receiver reflected interrogating pulse signals from the target during preselected fixed window intervals;

triggering said receiver to receive said reflected interrogating pulse signals during said preselected fixed window intervals; and

varying the triggering of said receiver in dependence upon the distance between the target and said receiver.

29. The method of claim 28 and further including the step of:

integrating at said receiver said received reflected interrogating pulse signals to generate a resultant signal of constant amplitude independent of the distance between said receiver and the target.

30. The method of claim 28 wherein the duration between successive ones of said fixed time intervals decreases at a rate proportional to the inverse of four times the distance between the target and said receiver.

31. The method of claim 28 and further including the step of:

integrating said received reflected interrogating pulse signals such that the number of interrogating pulse signals integrated by said receiver increases at a rate proportional to four times the distance between said receiver and the target.