Method for splicing cables and hot pack for use therein

• US 4,142,508 A
• Filed: 04/05/1977
• Issued: 03/06/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 06/09/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Allegiance Corporation (Cardinal Health, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Kay Laboratories, Inc. (Baxter International Inc.)
• Inventors: Watson, Susan S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Capossela, Ronald C.
• Application Number:
  US05/784,700
• Time in Patent Office: 700 Days
• Field of Search: 126/263, 252/70, 44/3 R, 44/3 A, 44/3 C, 122/21, 423/497
• US Class Current: 126/263.07
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 61/0625 Preforms comprising incorporated or associated heating means
• CPC Class Codes: F24V 30/00 Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
• CPC Class Codes: H01R 4/72 using a heat shrinking insulating sleeve
• CPC Class Codes: H02G 15/18 protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable two-part covers H02G15/10 ; preforms having internal stresses B29C61/00

Abstract

In a method for splicing cables, a first cable is connected to a second cable to form a junction and a heat shrinkable sleeve is positioned over the junction. A portable hot pack having properties for developing a temperature in excess of 250° C. is conformed around the sleeve to shrink the sleeve around the junction and thereby seal and insulate the junction. The hot pack can include first and second chemicals which react to initiate a series of heat producing reactions which occur at different temperatures to incrementally elevate the temperature of the hot pack.

Claims

1. A portable heat source, including:

a first sealed container;

a second container disposed in the first container;

first chemical means disposed within the first container exteriorly of the second container;

second chemical means disposed within the first container interiorly of the second container, the second chemical means including a small amount of water as an intrinsic impurity, the second chemical means having properties when mixed with the first chemical means of reacting exothermically with the first chemical means to produce by-products and to generate heat as a result of such chemical reactions and the by-products and the first chemical means having properties of reacting exothermically at increased temperatures resulting from such generation of heat to produce further by-products and to generate additional heat as a result of such exothermic reactions, the small amount of water having properties of reacting with the first chemical means to facilitate the initiation of the reaction of the first chemical means with the second chemical means;

the second container having properties for being ruptured to release the second chemical means into contact with the first chemical means to permit the mixing of the first chemical means with the second chemical means and the exothermic reaction of the first and second chemical means and the subsequent exothermal reaction of the by-products and the first chemical means.

2. The heat source recited in claim 1 wherein the first container is sealed to contain the first chemical means and the second chemical means after rupture of the second chemical means and to contain the products of the reactions between the first chemical means and the second chemical means.

3. The heat source recited in claim 1 further comprising means disposed in one of the first container and the second container for slowing the reaction of the first chemical means and the second chemical means so that the temperature of the heat source rises more slowly to facilitate handling of the heat source and thereby permit thorough mixing of the first chemical means and the second chemical means.

4. The heat source recited in claim 3 wherein the reaction - slowing means includes a thickening agent for one of the first and second chemicals and the first chemical is in the form of small solid particles and the third chemical is in the form of a solid.

5. The heat source recited in claim 3 wherein the second chemical means includes ethylene glycol.

6. The heat source recited in claim 5 wherein the means for slowing the reaction includes glycerol.

7. The heat source recited in claim 5 wherein the means for slowing the reaction includes 1,4-Butanediol.

8. The heat source recited in claim 5 wherein the first chemical means includes at least one material selected from a group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium oxide and calcium chloride.

9. The heat source recited in claim 8 wherein individual ones of the further by-products have properties of polymerizing at the elevated temperatures produced by the generation of heat from the exothermic reactions producing the by-products and the further by-products.

10. The heat source set forth in claim 5 wherein the second chemical means includes a limited amount of water in the form of an intrinsic impurity for reacting chemically with the magnesium chloride in an exothermic reaction to generate heat.

11. The combination set forth in claim 10 wherein the first chemical has a range of approximately thirty-five percent (35%) to sixty-five percent (65%) by weight and the second chemical has a range of approximately sixty-five percent (65%) to thirty-five percent (35%) by weight.

12. The combination set forth in claim 11 wherein the intrinsic impurity of water has a range of approximately one percent (1%) to four percent (4%) by weight.

13. The combination set forth in claim 12 wherein a thickening agent selected from glycerol and 1,4-butanediol is included in the second chemical in the range of five percent (5%) to thirty-five percent (35%).

14. The heat source recited in claim 1 wherein the first and second containers are formed from a flexible material and the first and second chemical means, at least after activation, have generally fluid characteristics whereby the heat source can be conformed to an irregular surface configuration.

15. The heat source recited in claim 1 wherein the first chemical means is a solid in the form of small particles.

16. A combination, including:

first chemical means having generally fluid properties;

first retaining means;

second chemical means disposed in the first retaining means with the first chemical means and having properties for reacting chemically with the first chemical means in a flameless, non-explosive sequence of first exothermic reactions involving the first and second chemical means to produce first non-toxic by-products and the generation of heat as a result of such chemical reactions to produce first increases in temperature and to produce subsequent exothermic chemical reactions involving the non-toxic by-products and the first chemical means at elevated temperatures resulting from the first increases in temperature to produce further generations of heat and further increases in temperature and to produce further non-toxic by-products; and

second means for maintaining the first chemical means in the first retaining means in chemically isolated relationship to the second chemical means until a chemical reaction is to be produced between the first and second chemical means and for thereafter providing for a controlled introduction of the second chemical means to the first chemical means to initiate the sequence of chemical reactions.

17. The combination recited in claim 16 wherein the first chemical means includes ethylene glycol and the second chemical means includes a salt and the ethylene glycol has properties of reacting chemically and exothermically with the salt in a glycolation reaction to produce the first non-toxic by-products and the first increases in temperature.

18. The combination set forth in claim 17 wherein the ethylene glycol includes an intrinsic impurity of water in a particular limited percentage and the water has the properties of reacting chemically and exothermically with the salt in a hydration reaction to release a second quantity of heat for facilitating the initiation of the sequence of chemical and exothermic reactions involving the ethylene glycol and the by-products of such chemical reactions.

19. The combination set forth in claim 18 wherein the ethylene glycol is responsive to increase in temperature resulting from the generation of at least one of the first quantity of heat and the second quantity of heat to form diethylene glycol in an exothermic reaction and to release a third quantity of heat for producing a further increase in temperature.

20. The combination set forth in claim 19 wherein the diethylene glycol is responsive to increases in temperature resulting from the generation of at least one of the first quantity of heat, the second quantity of heat, and the third quantity of heat to form an oxyaliphatic compound 1,4-dioxane in an exothermic reaction and to release a fourth quantity of heat.

21. The combination set forth in claim 18 wherein the second chemical means includes at least one salt selected from a group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and calcium oxide.

22. The combination set forth in claim 21 wherein the first means includes glycerol for slowing the chemical reaction between the first chemical means and the second chemical means to reduce the rate at which the successive chemical reactions occur.

23. The combination set forth in claim 17 wherein the salt includes at least one salt selected from a group consisting of magnesium chloride and calcium oxide and calcium chloride.

24. The combination set forth in claim 23 wherein the first chemical means has a percentage by weight of approximately thirty-five percent (35%) to sixty-five percent (65%) and the second chemical means has a percentage by weight of approximately sixty-five percent (65%) to thirty-five percent (35%).

25. The combination set forth in claim 24 wherein the intrinsic impurity of the water is in the range of approximately one percent (1%) to four percent (4%) by weight.

26. The combination set forth in claim 25 wherein the second chemical means is in the form of small particles.

27. The combination set forth in claim 26 wherein a thickening agent selected from 1,4-butanediol and glycerol is included in the first chemical means.

28. The combination set forth in claim 27 wherein the thickening agent has a percentage by weight of approximately five percent (5%) to thirty-five percent (35%).

29. The combination recited in claim 16 further comprising third chemical means for slowing the reaction between the first chemical means and the second chemical means to reduce the rate at which the combination produces the heat providing the elevated temperatures.

30. The combination set forth in claim 16 wherein the further non-toxic by-products have characteristics of polymerizing.

31. A hot pack, including:

a first container;

a second container disposed in the first container;

a first chemical disposed in the first container exteriorly of the second container;

a second chemical disposed in the second container and having properties for reacting chemically with the first chemical to initiate a plurality of heat producing chemical reactions, some of the reactions occurring in sequence and at incrementally elevated temperatures and involving by-products of previous chemical reactions, the second chemical including an intrinsic impurity of a small amount of water capable of reacting chemically with the first chemical to generate heat for facilitating the initiation of the plurality of chemical reactions;

the second container having properties for being ruptured to permit the mixing and chemical reacting of the first chemical and the second chemical;

whereby

each of the plurality of reactions provides a quantity of heat which tends to increase the temperature of the hot pack.

32. The hot pack recited in claim 31 wherein:

the first chemical and the second chemical have properties of entering a first chemical reaction to liberate a first quantity of heat which elevates the temperature of the hot pack to a first magnitude;

at least one of the chemicals in the first container has properties of entering a second chemical reaction at a temperature approximating the temperature of the first magnitude to provide a third chemical and to liberate a second quantity of heat which elevates the temperature of the hot pack to a second magnitude higher than the first magnitude;

at least one of the chemicals in the first container has properties of entering a third chemical reaction at a temperature approximating the temperature of the second magnitude to provide a fourth chemical and to liberate a third quantity of heat which elevates the temperature of the hot pack to a third magnitude higher than the second magnitude; and

at least one of the chemicals in the first container has properties of entering a fourth chemical reaction at a temperature approximating the third magnitude to provide a fifth chemical.

33. The hot pack set forth in claim 32 wherein:

the first chemical is

in the form of small solid particles and the second chemical is a liquid.

34. The combination set forth in claim 33 wherein

the first chemical is selected from a group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium oxide and calcium chloride and the second chemical constitutes ethylene glycol.

35. The combination set forth in claim 34 wherein a thickening agent selected from glycerol and 1,4-butanediol is included in the second chemical.

36. The hot pack set forth in claim 32 wherein the second chemical has properties of combining with itself in the second reaction to provide the third chemical, and the third chemical breaks down in the third reaction to provide the fourth chemical.