IFF Diversity switch

• US 4,143,369 A
• Filed: 10/25/1977
• Issued: 03/06/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 10/25/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northrop Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Northrop Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Ayers, Herman W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Buczinski, S. C.
• Application Number:
  US05/844,729
• Time in Patent Office: 497 Days
• Field of Search: 343/6.5 R, 343/6.5 LC, 343/6.8 R, 343/6.8 LC, 343/876, 328/154, 328/137, 325/370, 325/366, 307/41
• US Class Current: 342/45
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/42 Diversity systems specially adapted for radar

Abstract

An antenna diversity switch for IFF radar equipment not having such a switch incorporated in it. This new diversity switch requires no modification of the existing IFF components. The blanking pulses generated by the IFF system when an interrogating signal is received are used to trigger a monostable multivibrator which stops a free-running flip-flop controlling the switching between two antennas so that the antenna connected at that time remains connected. When the blanking pulses stop, i.e., the interrogating signal is too weak to be received, the monostable multivibrator is returned to its untriggered condition which allows the flip-flop and its controlled antenna switch to resume switching between the antennas. Suitable timing controls are provided to switch antennas at the desired rate and to keep the diversity switch connected to a receiving antenna for a desired delay time after the received interrogating signal ceases. The present diversity switch is wired physically into the IFF system by means of an electrical tee connection simply made in the existing cable line from the IFF system to an antenna switch.

Claims

1. In an IFF system or the like having at least two antennas, an antenna switch with two control inputs for switching the IFF system from one antenna to the other and means producing a blanking pulse for each received interrogating pulse of a minimum magnitude from an external radar;

an antenna diversity switch comprising;

a. a flip-flop controllable from a free-running condition to a bistable condition;

b. means operatively connecting the two complementary outputs of said flip-flop to the two control inputs, respectively, of said antenna switch;

c. flip-flop control means;

d. means conducting the blanking pulses to said flip-flop control means;

e. said flip-flop control means having a first magnitude output signal in response to the absence of blanking pulses thereto, and a second magnitude output signal in response to the presence of blanking pulses thereto; and

f. means conducting said output signals from said flip-flop control means to said flip-flop in proper polarity to make said flip-flop free-running in response to said first magnitude signal and stopped in its instantaneous bistable state in response to said second magnitude signal.

2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said flip-flop control means comprises a monostable multivibrator having said blanking pulses connected at its trigger input, and its output connected to said flip-flop, the "on" period of said multivibrator being longer than one blanking pulse period, whereby antenna switching will not be resumed in the absence of only one blanking pulse at a time.

3. Apparatus in accordance in claim 1 wherein said flip-flop comprises a J-K type with a clock trigger input for triggering said flip-flop only when a clock pulse occurs at said clock input and only in accordance with state information then present at the J and K inputs, and wherein said means conducting said output signals from said flip-flop control means to said flip-flop includes a common connection to both the J and K inputs.

4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 3 including a clock pulse generator having its output connected to the clock input of said J-K flip-flop.

5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein the clock pulse frequency is approximately one-half the interrogating pulse rate from the radar with which said IFF system is intended to operate.

6. In an IFF system or the like having two or more antennas, an antenna switch with two control inputs for switching the IFF system from one antenna to a second, and a manual antenna selector switch having respective first antenna, second antenna, and "off" positions;

an automatic antenna diversity switch comprising;

a. logic circuit means having two output points, means connecting said two output points respectively to the two control inputs of said antenna switch;

b. said logic circuit means having first input points connected respectively to a contact at said first antenna position and a contact at said second antenna position of said manual antenna selector switch;

c. a flip-flop controllable between a free-running condition and a bistable condition;

d. said logic circuit having additional input points connected respectively to the two complementary outputs of said flip-flop;

e. flip-flop control means;

f. means producing a reply pulse for each interrogating pulse of a minimum magnitude received by the IFF system from an external radar or radio system;

g. means conducting said reply pulses to said flip-flop control means;

h. said flip-flop control means having a first magnitude binary output potential in response to the absence of reply pulses thereto, and a second magnitude binary output potential in response to the presence of reply pulses thereto; and

i. means conducting said output potentials from said flip-flop control means to said flip-flop in proper relative magnitude to make said flip-flop free-running in response to said first magnitude potential and stopped in its instantaneous bistable condition in response to said second magnitude potential.

7. Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said two output points of said logic circuit are in a first complementary state to thereby select said one antenna whenever said manual antenna selector switch is in its said first antenna position, and said two output points are in the opposite complementary state to select said second antenna whenever said manual selector switch is in its said second antenna position, regardless of the condition of said flip-flop.

8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said logic circuit means includes driver amplifier means in said connecting means to said two control inputs of said antenna switch.

9. In an IFF system installation or the like having a transponder, at least two antennas, an antenna switch with two control inputs for switching the IFF system from one antenna to the other, means producing a blanking pulse for each received interrogating pulse of minimum magnitude from an external source, and a manual antenna selector switch having two separate output leads for manual selection of either of said antennas;

the improvement comprising;

a. an antenna diversity switch for constant automatic switching between said antennas in the absence of a received signal of minimum strength by the IFF system from said external source and for constant connection to only one antenna in the presence of such received signals on that one antenna;

b. means for conducting said blanking pulses to said diversity switch;

c. the wiring between said transponder and said antenna switch including a tee fitting;

d. said two output leads from said manual selector switch running through said tee to said diversity switch; and

including

e. two diversity switch output leads running through said tee to said antenna switch control inputs.