Radiation responsive current generating cell and method of forming same

• US 4,144,094 A
• Filed: 11/29/1976
• Issued: 03/13/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 01/06/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Pryor, Robert A., Grenon, Lawrence A., Coleman, Michael G., Restrepo, Fabio
• Primary Examiner(s): Mack, John H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Weisstuch, Aaron
• Application Number:
  US05/745,937
• Time in Patent Office: 834 Days
• Field of Search: 136/89 CC, 136/89 SJ, 357/30, 357/52, 357/23, 29/572
• US Class Current: 136/256
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/068 the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/072 the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/547 Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 438/91 Controlling charging state at semiconductor-insulator interface

Abstract

A semiconductor cell for generating current in response to incident radiation, particularly solar energy, wherein a layer of material having charges is disposed over the PN current generating junction. The layer having charges possesses a net bound charge of the same polarity as the minority carriers associated with the underlying semiconductor material for aiding minority carrier flow across the PN junction and for minimizing recombination of those minority carriers at the surface of the semiconductor body.

Claims

1. A cell for generating current in response to incident radiation, comprising:

a body including a first region of a first conductivity type, a second region of opposite conductivity type diffused into a portion of said first region for forming a PN junction; and

a third region disposed over said second region and said third region being of a different material than said second region and comprising a material being substantially transparent to the incident radiation, and said third region comprising dopants for providing, absent the application of an external voltage potential to said third region, ions of the same polarity as the minority carriers associated with said second region for aiding minority carrier flow across said PN junction and for minimizing recombination of second region minority carriers at a second region surface.

2. A cell for generating current in response to incident radiation as in claim 1 further comprising:

(a) contact means connected to said body for receiving the generated current in response to incident radiation passing through said third region.

3. A cell for generating current in response to incident radiation as in claim 2 wherein:

(a) said first and second regions comprise silicon material.

4. A cell for generating current in response to incident radiation as in claim 1 wherein:

(a) said first region comprises a P conductivity semiconductor material and said second region comprises an N conductivity semiconductor material, and

(b) said third region of material includes positive ions.

5. A cell for generating current in response to incident radiation as in claim 1 wherein:

(a) said third region of material comprises an oxide of silicon.

6. A cell for generating current in response to incident radiation as in claim 1 wherein:

(a) said third region of material comprises a nitride or oxynitride of silicon.

7. A cell for generating current in response to incident radiation comprising:

a body including a first region of a flat conductivity type, a second region of opposite conductivity type diffused into a portion of said first region for defining a PN junction; and

a third region disposed over said second region and said third region being of a different material than said second region and comprising a material being substantially transparent to the incident radiation, and said third region comprising dopants for providing, absent the application of an external voltage potential to said third region, ions of the same polarity as the minority carriers associated with said second region for aiding minority carrier flow across said PN junction and for minimizing recombination of second region minority carriers at a second region surface,

said first region comprises an N conductivity semiconductor material and said second region comprises a P conductivity semiconductor material, and

said third region of material includes negative ions.

8. A cell for generating current in response to incident radiation, comprising:

a body including a first region of a first conductivity type, a second region of opposite conductivity type for defining a PN junction; and

a third region disposed over said second region and said third region being of a different material than said second region and comprising a material being substantially transparent to the incident radiation, and said third region comprising dopants for providing, absent the application of an external voltage potential to said third region, ions of the same polarity as the minority carriers associated with said second region for aiding minority carrier flow across said PN junction and for minimizing recombination of second region minority carriers at a second region surface, said first region comprises a P conductivity semiconductor material and said second region comprises an N conductivity semiconductor material, and said third region of material includes positive ions, and

[a)] said PN junction comprises a heterojunction.

9. A cell for generating current in response to incident radiation, comprising:

a body including a first region of a first conductivity type, a second region of opposite conductivity type for defining a PN junction; and

a third region disposed over said second region and said third region being of a different material than said second region and comprising a material being substantially transparent to the incident radiation, and said third region comprising dopants for providing, absent the application of an external voltage potential to said third region, ions of the same polarity as the minority carriers associated with said second region for aiding minority carrier flow across said PN junction and for minimizing recombination of second region minority carriers at a second region surface, said first region comprises an N conductivity semiconductor material and said second region comprises a P conductivity semiconductor material, and said third region of material includes positive ions, and

[a)] said PN junction comprises a heterojunction.

10. A method for forming a cell for generating current in response to incident radiation, comprising:

providing a body including a first region of a first conductivity type, diffusing a portion of said body to form a second region of opposite conductivity within said first region for forming a PN junction; and

forming a third region over said second region of a different material than said second region and comprising a material being substantially transparent to the incident radiation; and

introducing into said third region dopants for providing ions of the same polarity as the minority carriers associated with said second region for aiding minority carrier flow across said PN junction and for minimizing recombination of second region minority carriers at a second region surface.

11. A method for forming a cell for generating current in response to incident radiation as in claim 10 including the step of:

(a) forming said third region by depositing a layer of material containing charges over said second region.

12. A method for forming a cell for generating current in response to incident radiation as in claim 11 further comprising the step of:

(a) forming contact means to said body for receiving the generated current in response to incident radiation passing through said third region of material.

13. A method for forming a cell for generating current in response to incident radiation as in claim 11 including the steps of:

(a) forming said first region of a P conductivity semiconductor material and said second region of an N conductivity semiconductor material, and

(b) forming said third region of material with positive ions.

14. A method for forming a cell for generating current in response to incident radiation, comprising:

providing a body including a first region of a first conductivity type, a second region of opposite conductivity diffused into said first region for forming a PN junction; and

forming a third region over said second region of a different material than said second region and comprising a material being substantially transparent to the incident radiation;

introducing into said third region dopants for providing ions of the same polarity as the minority carriers associated with said second region for aiding minority carrier flow across said PN junction and for minimizing recombination of second region minority carriers at a second region surface;

forming said third region by depositing a layer of material containing charges over said second region;

[a)] forming said first region of an N conductivity semiconductor material and said second region of a P conductivity semiconductor material; and

[b)] forming said third region with negative ions.

15. A radiation responsive current generating cell, comprising:

a substrate formed of a first material of a first type conductivity;

a second material of a second type conductivity and being formed as an epitaxial layer on the substrate so that a PN junction is formed therebetween;

a third material formed as a layer on the second material, the third material having dopants which causes an equilibrium electric field between the second and third materials which assists flow of minority carriers from the second material to the substrate when electron-hole pairs are generated by incident radiation upon the cell;

at least one conductor extending through the third material and making contact with the second material; and

a second conductor in contact with the substrate so that the at least one conductor and the second conductor serve as current carrying terminals for the cell.