Apparatus for analyzing complex acoustic fields within a duct

• US 4,144,768 A
• Filed: 01/03/1978
• Issued: 03/20/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 01/03/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Original Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Inventors: Andersson, Anders O., Purves, Robert B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kreitman, Stephen A.
• Application Number:
  US05/866,390
• Time in Patent Office: 441 Days
• Field of Search: 73/646, 73/645, 73/647, 73/648, 73/649, 73/658, 73/659, 73/661, 73/24, 73/579
• US Class Current: 73/646
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 3/12 by electric means G01H3/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02836 Flow rate, liquid level
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02872 Pressure

Abstract

A system for resolving a complex acoustic field, resulting when acoustic energy propagates through a duct, into component unit spatial pressure patterns or modes is disclosed. In each disclosed system arrangement, an acoustic filter, which includes one or more annular cavities, circumferentially surrounds the duct through which the acoustic energy propagates and sound is coupled from the duct into one end of each annular filter cavity via a series of openings which exhibit a relatively high acoustic impedance and a relatively high resistance to fluid flow. Each filter cavity is dimensioned such that it is excited into resonance when the circumferential distance between adjacent nodes of a modal component of the pressure pattern within the duct is mathematically related to the velocity of sound within a filter cavity by a predetermined factor. When a cavity resonates, maximum acoustic pressure transfer occurs between the duct and two or more microphones that are circumferentially spaced apart from one another along the second end of each annular filter cavity. A gas mixture is introduced into the annular cavities to control the velocity of sound within the cavities and the composition of the gas is controlled such that cavity resonance occurs at each pressure mode of interest. Various measurements are facilitated by the system such as slowly varying the composition of the gas and processing the microphone signals to directly obtain the modal amplitude distribution of a relatively time invariant sound field or adjusting the gas composition for cavity resonance at each mode of interest and recording transient phenomena of the acoustic energy propagating through the duct.

Claims

1. An acoustic measurement system for determining the modal structure of an acoustic pressure field within a duct comprising:

an acoustic filter including at least one acoustic cavity, said acoustic filter in acoustic communication with said duct to couple sound energy from said duct to each of said acoustic cavities, each of said acoustic cavities being dimensioned and arranged to exhibit resonance in response to a modal component of said acoustic pressure pattern within said duct when the velocity of sound within each of said cavities is established at a predetermined value;

gas supply means for supplying a mixture of gasses to each of said acoustic cavities of said acoustic filter, said gas supply means including means for varying the composition of said gas mixture supplied to said acoustic cavities to selectively tune said filter for resonance at a plurality of modal components of said acoustic pressure field; and

acoustic detector means mounted in acoustic communication with said acoustic filter, said acoustic detector means supplying a signal representative of the acoustic pressure within said acoustic cavities to provide an indication of the amplitude of the modal component of said pressure field which excites said cavities into resonance.

2. The acoustic measurement system of claim 1 wherein said duct is substantially cylindrical and said acoustic filter includes a single annular cavity circumferentially surrounding said duct, said single annular cavity being defined by first and second spaced apart walls extending radially outward from said duct and a cylindrical wall concentrically surrounding said duct and interconnecting said first and second radially extending walls, said duct including a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart openings located proximate to said first radially extending wall of said single cavity for maintaining said duct in acoustic communication with said cavity, each of said openings being configured and arranged for exhibiting a relatively high acoustic impedance and a relatively high resistance to fluid flow, said acoustic detector means being mounted to said second radially extending wall of said single cavity and being in acoustic communication with said cavity.

3. The acoustic measurement system of claim 2 wherein said single cavity is dimensioned and arranged for resonance at a first natural frequency in response to modal components of said pressure field within said duct of mode order that exceeds a predetermined mode order m, and wherein said single cavity is dimensioned and arranged for resonance at a second natural frequency in response to modal components of said duct pressure field which do not exceed said predetermined mode order m.

4. The acoustic measurement system of claim 3 wherein said single cavity is further dimensioned and arranged for resonance at a first natural frequency in response to modal components of mode order greater than a predetermined mode order m, when said cavity is supplied with a gas mixture having a sonic velocity that exceeds the sonic velocity of the gas within said duct and is dimensioned and arranged for resonance at a second natural frequency in response to modal components of a mode order which does not exceed said predetermined mode order m, when said cavity is supplied with a gas mixture having a sonic velocity that is less than the sonic velocity of the gas within said duct, said gas supply means including means for selectively varying the composition of said gas mixture supplied to said single cavity to selectively establish the sonic velocity within said cavity for resonance at a plurality of said modal components of said pressure field within said duct.

5. The acoustic measurement system of claim 3 wherein said single cavity is dimensioned and arranged for resonance at a second natural frequency in response to modal components of mode orders that do not exceed a predetermined mode order m, when the sonic velocity of the gas mixture supplied to said cavity exceeds the sonic velocity of the gas within said duct, said single cavity being further dimensioned and arranged for resonance at a first natural frequency in response to modal components of mode order exceeding said predetermined mode order m, when the sonic velocity of the gas mixture supplied to said single cavity exceeds the sonic velocity of the gas within said duct and is less than the sonic velocity which causes resonance at said second natural frequency for said modal components of mode orders that do not exceed said predetermined mode order m, said gas supply means including means for selectively varying the composition of said gas mixture supplied to said single cavity to selectively establish the sonic velocity within said cavity for resonance at a plurality of said modal components of said pressure field within said duct.

6. The acoustic measurement system of claim 1 wherein said duct is substantially cylindrical and said acoustic filter includes first, second and third annular cavities circumferentially surrounding said duct, said first annular cavity being acoustically coupled to the interior region of said duct by a first plurality of circumferentially spaced apart openings in said duct, said first cavity being dimensioned for resonance at a first natural frequency corresponding to a modal component of the pressure field within said duct of mode order greater than a predetermined mode order m when said first cavity is supplied with a predetermined gas mixture having a sonic velocity that exceeds the sonic velocity of the gas within said duct, said second annular cavity being acoustically coupled to the interior region of said duct by a second plurality of circumferentially spaced apart openings in said duct, said second cavity being dimensioned for resonance at a second natural frequency corresponding to a modal component of the pressure field within said duct of mode order that does not exceed that of said predetermined mode order m, when said second cavity is supplied with a predetermined gas mixture having a sonic velocity that exceeds both the sonic velocity of said gas within said duct and the sonic velocity of the gas mixture supplied to said first cavity, said third cavity positioned immediately adjacent to said second cavity with said second cavity being acoustically coupled to said third cavity by a third plurality of circumferentially spaced apart openings that interconnect said second and third cavities, said third cavity being filled with a gas having a sonic velocity less than that of the gas within said duct, said third cavity being dimensioned to operate as a low pass filter for attenuating pressure signals induced in said second cavities by modal components of said duct pressure field that are of a mode order that exceeds said predetermined mode order m, said acoustic detector means including first pressure sensing means acoustically coupled to said first cavity for supplying signals representative of modal components of mode order exceeding said predetermined mode order m, and including second pressure sensing means acoustically coupled to said third cavity for supplying signals representative of modal components of mode order not exceeding said predetermined mode order m, said gas supply means including means for selectively varying the sonic velocity of the gas mixture within said first and second cavities for tuning said first and second cavities for resonance in response to a plurality of said modal components.