Galvanic cell having rechargeable zinc electrode

• US 4,145,482 A
• Filed: 04/05/1977
• Issued: 03/20/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1972
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Firma Deutsche AutomobilGmbH
• Original Assignee: Firma Deutsche AutomobilGmbH
• Inventors: von Benda, Klaus
• Primary Examiner(s): LeFevour, Charles F.
• Application Number:
  US05/784,809
• Time in Patent Office: 714 Days
• Field of Search: 429/27-29, 429/229-231, 429/249, 429/253, 429/254, 429/206
• US Class Current: 429/404
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/24 Alkaline accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/42 Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells H01M10/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4235 Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte H01M10/4242 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/52 Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption vent plugs or other mechanical arrangements for facilitating escape of gases H01M50/30
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/5005 Auxiliary electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A galvanic cell comprising at least one rechargeable zinc electrode as anode, at least one other electrode as cathode, an electrolyte, and at least one foraminous electrically conductive auxiliary structure interposed between every anode and cathode. The auxiliary structure is galvanically separated from the electrodes of the cell and macroscopically visible electrolyte zinc deposition from the cell electrolyte thereon is only observed at potentials which are more negative than on a smooth nickel structure.

Claims

1. A galvanic cell comprising at least one rechargeable zinc anode, at least one cathode, alkaline electrolyte and at least one foraminous, wettable, electrically-conductive, coarse-pored auxiliary structure interposed between and galvanically separated from respective anodes and cathodes, said at least one auxiliary structure containing on its surface at least one electrocatalyst selected from the group consisting of Raney nickel, finely divided platinum, tungsten carbide, amorphous nickel-boron alloys and titanium-nickel alloys.

2. The galvanic cell of claim 1, in which the at least one auxiliary structure consists of a plurality of coated metallic nets.

3. The galvanic cell of claim 2, in which the metallic nets have a mesh width of about 1 mm.

4. The galvanic cell of claim 1, in which the at least one auxiliary structure comprises a plurality of auxiliary structures consisting of coated fibrous mats, non-wovens, or open-pored foam elements.

5. Galvanic cell according to claim 1, in which the zinc electrode is disposed in a pocket closed on at least one side and fashioned as an auxiliary structure.

6. The galvanic cell of claim 1, in which the at least one auxiliary structure comprises auxiliary structures of one cell that are connected conductively with one another.

7. The galvanic cell of claim 1, in which zinc compounds insoluble in the electrolyte are provided as bottom elements in the electrolyte chamber or in a mechanical connection with the zinc anode.

8. The galvanic cell of claim 1, in which the cathode is an air electrode.

9. The galvanic cell of claim 1, in which the cathode is a nickel oxide electrode.

10. The galvanic cell of claim 1, in which the at least one auxiliary structure is fixedly joined to the zinc electrode.

11. The galvanic cell of claim 1 in which the at least one auxiliary structure is fixedly joined to the cathode.

12. The galvanic cell of claim 1, in which the capacity of the zinc electrode, with a predetermined zinc concentration in the electrolyte, can be adjusted by the distance of the at least one auxiliary structure from the current discharge structure of the zinc electrode.

13. The galvanic cell of claim 1, characterized in that the degree of charging efficiency of the zinc electrode in the electrolyte which contains zinc ions is adjustable by charging duration and charging current.

14. The galvanic cell according to claim 1, wherein the openings of the at least one coarse-pored auxiliary structure are of such size that hydrogen formed at the structure is permitted to rapidly escape therethrough.

15. The galvanic cell according to claim 14, wherein a microporous separator is provided between said at least one auxiliary structure and said at least one zinc anode.

16. The galvanic cell according to claim 15, further comprising a coating of calcium hydroxide supported by a polyamide felt on said zinc anode.

17. The galvanic cell of claim 16, further comprising an additional separator provided between said at least one auxiliary structure and said at least one cathode, said additional separator comprising a coarse-mesh plastic netting.

18. The galvanic cell of claim 15, further comprising an additional separator provided between said at least one auxiliary structure and said at least one cathode, said additional separator comprising a coarse-mesh plastic netting.

19. The galvanic cell of claim 18, wherein a zinc anode is provided between a pair of nickel oxide cathodes.

20. The galvanic cell of claim 1, wherein said at least one auxiliary structure is interposed between each pair of anodes and cathodes.

21. The galvanic cell of claim 1, wherein said at least one auxiliary structure comprises 1 to 4 auxiliary structures that surround said at least one zinc anode.

22. The galvanic cell of claim 1, wherein said at least one auxiliary structure is formed from a conductive net having an electrocatalyst coating thereon, the thickness of the electrocatalyst coating being about 0.005 to about 0.05 mm.

23. The galvanic cell of claim 22, wherein the thickness of the auxiliary structure is about 0.1 to 1 mm.

24. The galvanic cell of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the auxiliary structure is about 0.1 to 1 mm.

25. A galvanic cell comprising at least one rechargeable zinc anode, at least one cathode, alkaline aqueous electrolyte, and at least one foraminous, wettable, electrically conductive, coarse-pored auxiliary structure interposed between and galvanically separated from respective anodes and cathodes, said at least one auxiliary structure containing on its surface at least one to metal-containing electrocatalyst that has such low hydrogen overvoltage that there is no visible zinc deposition on said auxiliary structure during charging and discharging at a current density of at least 40 milliamperes/cm² whereby contacting zinc is oxidized and dissolved in the electrolyte and whereby hydrogen is generated during the oxidation, said hydrogen escaping from the at least one coarse-pored auxiliary structure.

26. The galvanic cell according to claim 25, wherein the openings of the coarse-pored at least one auxiliary structure are of such size that hydrogen formed at the structure is permitted to rapidly escape therefrom.

27. The galvanic cell according to claim 26, wherein a microporous separator is provided between said at least one auxiliary structure and said at least one zinc anode.

28. The galvanic cell according to claim 27, wherein said microporous separator is a polyamide felt.

29. The galvanic cell of claim 27, further comprising an additional separator provided between said at least one auxiliary structure and said at least one cathode, said additional separator comprising a coarse-mesh plastic netting.

30. The galvanic cell of claim 29, wherein a zinc anode is provided between a pair of nickel oxide cathodes.

31. The galvanic cell of claim 25, wherein said at least one auxiliary structure is interposed between each pair of anodes and cathodes.

32. The galvanic cell of claim 25, wherein said at least one auxiliary structure surrounds said at least one zinc anode.

33. The galvanic cell of claim 25, wherein said at least one auxiliary structure is formed from a conductive net having said electrocatalyst coating thereon, the thickness of the electrocatalyst coating being about 0.005 to about 0.05 mm.

34. The galvanic cell of claim 33, wherein the thickness of the auxiliary structure is about 0.1 to 1 mm.