Method and apparatus for synchronizing the ciphering and deciphering of binary-coded messages

• US 4,145,569 A
• Filed: 12/22/1964
• Issued: 03/20/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 12/24/1963
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Gretag Data Systems AG
• Original Assignee: Gretag AG (Peach Property Group AG)
• Inventors: Ehrat, Kurt
• Primary Examiner(s): Birmiel, Howard A.
• Application Number:
  US04/420,393
• Time in Patent Office: 5,201 Days
• Field of Search: 178/22, 35/2, 35/4
• US Class Current: 380/262
• CPC Class Codes: G09C 1/00 Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system cryptographic typewriters G09C3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/12 Transmitting and receiving encryption devices synchronised or initially set up in a particular manner

Abstract

1. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary coded messages represented by coded series of pulses comprising setting a first pulse generator to an initial condition as defined by a secret basic code and then generating under control of a first clock a first binary coded series of cipher pulses, transmitting a part of the first series of cipher pulses to a receiving station, generating at the receiving station under control of a second clock a second binary coded series of cipher pulses having a distribution identical with the first series of cipher pulses, changing at the receiving station the part of the first and a corresponding part of the second series of cipher pulses in their relative positions and forming for each of said positions over an interval of several pulses one correlation factor by multiplying together the values of the momentarily opposite simultaneous pulses of the corresponding parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses and summation of the results of said multiplications, step synchronizing with this series of correlation factors a further part of the second series of cipher pulses with a corresponding part of the first series of cipher pulses, taking advantage of the criterion that the step synchronism of the parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses gives an optimal value of the correlation factor, generating at the transmitting station clear message pulses representing a message to be transmitted, mixing the clear message pulses with a step synchronized part of the first series of cipher pulses to form an enciphered pulse train, transmitting the enciphered pulse train to the receiving station and mixing at the receiving station the enciphered pulse train with the corresponding step synchronized part of the second series of cipher pulses taking into account any phase deviation between the corresponding step synchronized parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses to decipher the transmitted message.

Claims

1. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary coded messages represented by coded series of pulses comprising setting a first pulse generator to an initial condition as defined by a secret basic code and then generating under control of a first clock a first binary coded series of cipher pulses, transmitting a part of the first series of cipher pulses to a receiving station, generating at the receiving station under control of a second clock a second binary coded series of cipher pulses having a distribution identical with the first series of cipher pulses, changing at the receiving station the part of the first and a corresponding part of the second series of cipher pulses in their relative positions and forming for each of said positions over an interval of several pulses one correlation factor by multiplying together the values of the momentarily opposite simultaneous pulses of the corresponding parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses and summation of the results of said multiplications, step synchronising with this series of correlation factors a further part of the second series of cipher pulses with a corresponding part of the first series of cipher pulses, taking advantage of the criterion that the step synchronism of the parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses gives an optimal value of the correlation factor, generating at the transmitting station clear message pulses representing a message to be transmitted, mixing the clear message pulses with a step synchronised part of the first series of cipher pulses to form an enciphered pulse train, transmitting the enciphered pulse train to the receiving station and mixing at the receiving station the enciphered pulse train with the corresponding step synchronized part of the second series of cipher pulses taking into account any phase deviation between the corresponding step synchronized parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses to decipher the transmitted message.

2. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages according to claim 1, wherein at the receiving station before mixing the enciphered pulse train with the corresponding step synchronized part of the second series of cipher pulses the corresponding step synchronized parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses are phase synchronized.

3. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 1, wherein the changing of the relative positions of the corresponding parts of the first and the second series of cipher pulses is interrupted, when one of the correlation factors exceeds a predetermined theshold value.

4. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 1, wherein before step synchronizing the first and second series of cipher pulses the timing frequencies of the first and second clocks are different and the correlation factors are formed periodically with a frequency which is at least as great as the higher of the timing frequencies of the first and second clocks.

5. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 1, wherein before step synchronizing the first and second series of cipher pulses the second pulse generator is started after the first pulse generator and the timing frequency of the second clock is higher than the timing frequency of the first clock.

6. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 1, in which the synchronization of the second series of cipher pulses with the first series of cipher pulses is also effected between pauses in the transmission of the enciphered pulse train.

7. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages comprising setting a first pulse generator to an initial condition as defined by a secret basic code and then generating a first series of cipher pulses under control of a first clock, transmitting said first series of cipher pulses to a receiving station, generating at the receiving station a second series of cipher pulses having a distribution identical to the first series of cipher pulses under control of a second clock, forming at the receiving station at least one correlation factor over an interval of several pulses between at least one part of the first series of cipher pulses and at least one part of the second series of cipher pulses by multiplying together the values of the momentarily opposite pulses of said first and second series of cipher pulses bit by bit over said interval and summation of the values resulting from the multiplications, changing the first series of cipher pulses whereas the second series of cipher pulses is stopped in previously advanced position, forming in the same manner previously advanced position, forming in the same manner further correlation factors and step synchronising with the resulting series of correlation factors the generation of the second series of cipher pulses in accordance with the first series of cipher pulses such that when one of said correlation factors exceeds a predetermined threshold value the second pulse generator is restarted at the same timing frequency as the timing frequency of the first pulse generator, phase synchonizing the step synchronized first and second series of cipher pulses, generating at the transmitting station binary-coded clear message pulses representing a message to be transmitted, mixing the clear message pulses with the first series of cipher pulses to form an enciphered pulse train, transmitting the enciphered pulse train to the receiving station and mixing at the receiving station the enciphered pulse train with the synchronized second series of cipher pulses to decipher the transmitted message.

8. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 7, wherein the previously advanced position at which the second series of ciper pulses is stopped depends on the second basic code.

9. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 8 including modifying the secret basic code by a code representing a predetermined date and time.

10. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary coded messages represented by coded series of pulses comprising setting a first pulse generator to an initial condition as defined by a secret basic code and then generating under control of a first clock a first binary coded series of cipher pulses, transmitting a part of the first series of cipher pulses to a receiving station, generating at the receiving station under control of a second clock a second binary coded series of cipher pulses having a distribution identical with the first series of cipher pulses, changing at the receiving station the part of the first and a corresponding part of the second series of cipher pulses in their relative positions and forming for each of said positions over an interval of several pulses one correlation factor by multiplying together the values of the momentarily opposite simultaneous pulses of the corresponding parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses and summation of the results of said multiplications, step synchronising with this series of correlation factors a further part of the second series of cipher pulses with a corresponding part of the first series of cipher pulses, taking advantage of the criterion that the step synchronism of the parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses gives an optimal value of the correlation factor, shifting at the receiving station the step synchronized first and second series of cipher pulses in their relative phases and forming in each phase position one function value of a first correlation function by multiplicative superposition of the step synchronized first and second series of cipher pulses over an interval of several pulses and integration of the result of said superposition over said interval (each of said integral values represents one function value of the correlation function), controlling with the first correlation function the phase synchronization of the second series of cipher pulses with the first series of cipher pulses, taking advantage of the criterion that the correlation function reaches its maximum on phase synchronism of the two correlated series of pulses, generating at the transmitting station clear message pulses representing a message to be transmitted, mixing the clear message pulses with a step and phase synchronized part of the first series of cipher pulses to form an enciphered pulse train, transmitting the enciphered pulse train to the receiving station and mixing at the receiving station the enciphered pulse train with the corresponding step and phase synchronized part of the second series of cipher pulses to decipher the transmitted message.

11. A method of ciphering and deciphering messages as claimed in claim 10, in which the phase synchronization is controlled only when said correlation function exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

12. A method of ciphering and deciphering messages as claimed in claim 10, in which the phase synchronization is controlled by said first correlation function and at least one additional second correlation function, the second correlation function being formed in the same manner as the first correlation function except that the first series of cipher pulses is previously displaced in its phase.

13. A method of ciphering and deciphering messages as claimed in claim 12, in which the first correlation function of the first and second series of cipher pulses is formed after displacement in phase of the second series of cipher pulses.

14. A method of ciphering and deciphering messages as claimed in claim 13, in which the phase displacements of the first and second series of cipher pulses are symmetrical with respect to the initial first and second series of cipher pulses.

15. A method of ciphering and deciphering messages as claimed in claim 14, in which the symmetrical phase displacements are -178 bit and +1/2 bit.

16. A method of ciphering and deciphering messages as claimed in claim 12 including determining the difference between the first and second correlation functions and controlling with said difference the phase between corresponding parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses.

17. A method of ciphering and deciphering messages as claimed in claim 16, in which the phase between the first and second series of cipher pulses is controlled only when said difference between the first and second correlation functions exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

18. A method of ciphering and deciphering messages as claimed in claim 10, in which the phase synchronization is controlled by said first correlation function and at least one additional second correlation function, the second correlation function being formed in the same manner as the first correlation function except that the second series of cipher pulses is previously displaced in its phase.

19. A method of ciphering and deciphering messages as claimed in claim 18, in which the first correlation function of the first and second series of cipher pulses is formed after displacement in phase of the first series of cipher pulses.

20. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 19, in which the phase displacements of the first and second series of cipher pulses are symmetrical with respect to the initial first and second series of cipher pulses.

21. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 20, in which the symmetrical phase displacements are - 1/2 bit and + 1/2 bit.

22. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 18, including determining the difference between the first and second correlation functions and controlling with said difference the phase between corresponding parts of the first and second series of cipher pulses.

23. A method of ciphering and deciphering binary-coded messages as claimed in claim 22, in which the phase between the first and second series of cipher pulses is controlled only when said difference between the first and second correlation functions exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

24. Apparatus for ciphering and deciphering binary coded messages comprising at the transmitting station a first pulse generator settable to an initial condition as defined by a secret basic code to generate under control of a first clock a first binary coded series of cipher pulses, means for generating binary coded clear messages pulses representing a message to be transmitted, a first mixer for mixing the clear message pulses with pulses of the first series of cipher pulses to form an enciphered pulse train, a transmitter for transmitting pulses of the first series of cipher pulses or the enciphered pulse train to a receiving station, said receving station comprising a second pulse generator for generating under control of a second clock a second binary coded series of cipher pulses having a distribution identical to the first series of cipher pulses, a first store for storing successively in groups pulses of the first series of cipher pulses, a second store for storing successively in groups corresponding pulses of the second series of cipher pulses, means for forming before the beginning of the transmission of an enciphered pulse train a first series of correlation factors varying with the information content of the pulse groups stored in the first and second stores, means for step synchronizing the generation of pulses of the second series of cipher pulses with corresponding pulses of the first series of cipher pulses by said series of correlation factors, means for phase synchronizing the step synchronized first and second series of cipher pulses and a second mixer for mixing pulses of the second series of cipher pulses with the enciphered pulse train to decipher the transmitted message.

25. Apparatus for ciphering and deciphering binary coded messages as claimed in claim 24 including a third store, means for simultaneously storing two identical groups of the first series of cipher pulses with a different phase displacement in said first and said third stores, respectively, means for forming a second series of correlation factors between the information content of the pulses stored in the second store and the information content of the pulses stored in the third store and means for step synchronising the generation of pulses of the second series of cipher pulses with corresponding pulses of the first series of cipher pulses by that one of the first and second series of correlation factor which exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

26. Apparatus for ciphering and deciphering binary coded messages as claimed in claim 25, including means for temporarily stopping the second pulse generator and means for restarting the last-mentioned generator when the correlation factor controlling the last-mentioned generator exceeds said predetermined threshold value.

27. Apparatus for ciphering or deciphering binary coded messages comprising a pulse generator settable to an initial condition as defined by a secret basic code to generate under control of a clock a first series of cipher pulses when the apparatus is used for ciphering messages and when the apparatus is used for deciphering messages to generate a second series of cipher pulses under control of said clock, the second series of pulses having a distribution identical to a first series of cipher pulses received by the apparatus when functioning to decipher the messages, means for generating binary coded clear message pulses representing a message to be transmitted and a mixer for mixing the clear message pulses with pulses of the first series of cipher pulses to form an enciphered pulse train, the apparatus further including a first store for storing successively in groups pulses of the first series of cipher pulses received by the apparatus when functioning to decipher coded messages, a second store for storing successively in groups pulses of the second series of cipher pulses corresponding to the pulses of the first series stored in the first store, means for forming a first series of correlation factors varying with the information content of the pulse groups stored in the first and second stores, means for step synchronizing with said series of correlation factors the generation of pulses of the second series of cipher pulses with corresponding pulses of the first series of cipher pulses by said apparatus, means for phase synchronizing the step synchronized first and second series of cipher pulses, the mixer being arranged to mix the synchronized pulses of the second series with the received enciphered pulse train to decipher the message received by said apparatus.