Tire and wheel rim assemblies

• US 4,148,348 A
• Filed: 05/27/1977
• Issued: 04/10/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Dunlop Limited (Meggitt PLC)
• Original Assignee: Dunlop Limited (Meggitt PLC)
• Inventors: Kenney, Michael J., Holmes, Thomas, French, Tom, Mitchell, William F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Makay, Albert J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Underwood, Donald W.
• Application Number:
  US05/801,319
• Time in Patent Office: 683 Days
• Field of Search: 152/362 R, 152/362 CS, 152/330 RF, 152/379.1, 152/381.1, 152/399-401, 152/405, 301/97
• US Class Current: 152/379.3
• CPC Class Codes: B60B 21/10 characterised by the form of tyre-seat or flange, e.g. corrugated B60B21/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60C 15/0226 the bead being secured by protrusions of the rim extending from the bead seat, e.g. hump or serrations
• CPC Class Codes: B60C 15/024 Bead contour, e.g. lips, grooves, or ribs

Abstract

A tire and wheel rim assembly wherein the wheel rim includes adjacent to at least one bead seat a circumferentially extending groove and the tire bead has a radially and axially projecting extended toe portion which is axially and radially located within said groove. The toe is flexible in a direction substantially perpendicular to its length and substantially rigid in the direction of its length and provides an effective bead lock to retain the tire bead in position on the rim.

Claims

1. A tire and wheel rim combination capable of operating in a substantially deflated condition without the tire becoming dislodged from its position on the rim comprising:

(a) a circular wheel rim having, in cross-section, a pair of radially outwardly extending flanges;

a pair of bead seats immediately adjacent the flanges having a bead seat diameter in a first annular plane;

a radially inwardly extending open well located between said bead seats, the depth of the open well from said first annular plane being at least as great as the radial height of the flanges above said plane so that a tire can be mounted on the rim by use of the open well;

(b) a tire mounted on said rim and defining therewith a chamber for inflation, said tire having a tread portion and a pair of sidewalls terminating in a pair of beads fitted upon the rim bead seats, each tire bead having a substantially inextensible annular bead reinforcement embedded therein; and

a bead toe;

(c) means on said rim and tire to prevent at least one of the tire beads from being dislodged from its rim bead seat into the open rim well when the tire is operated at normal driving speed in a deflated condition but permitting the tire to be mounted on the rim bead seats by inflation pressure and demounted therefrom by exerting an axially directed force against the tire bead, said means comprising a circumferential groove in the rim adjacent at least one bead seat in the area between the bead seat and the open well;

said means further comprising the bead toe extending axially inward of the bead and radially inwardly of said first annular plane and into its associated rim groove, said toe being flexible in a direction perpendicular to its length to allow tire fitting and having substantial form stiffness in the direction of its length such that when an axially inward force at the tread portion is applied to the bead by the tire sidewall in the ground contacting portion of the tire circumference, a substantial radially and axially outwardly directed force is generated at the annular reinforcement, the generated force tightening the annular reinforcement and retaining the bead.

2. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 wherein the toe form stiffness is enhanced by means of a reinforcement layer adjacent to the outer surface of said toe.

3. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 2 wherein the reinforcement layer extends from the tip of the toe around the axially inward surface of the toe to at least the radial height of the center of the annular reinforcement.

4. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 2 wherein the reinforcement layer extends from the bead seat region of the bead around the toe and upwards along the axially inner surface of the toe to at least the radial height of the center of the annular reinforcement.

5. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 2, wherein the reinforcement layer comprises at least one ply of material.

6. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 5 wherein the reinforcement ply comprises a fabric.

7. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 6 wherein the fabric is a cross-woven fabric.

8. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 7 wherein the fabric is of nylon.

9. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 6 wherein the fabric is a knitted fabric.

10. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 wherein the toe comprises an elastomeric material having a hardness when measured under laboratory conditions greater than 50°

Shore.

11. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 10 wherein the hardness is in the range of 60°

-96°

Shore.

12. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 wherein the radially inward edge of the bead seat of the wheel rim is smoothly radiused into the circumferential groove and the toe is profiled to a complementary shape.

13. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 wherein the circumferential groove has a symmetrical cross-section about a radial line taken through the point of maximum groove depth.

14. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 12 wherein the groove has a smooth profile.

15. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 wherein at least the base of the circumferential groove is roughened to increase the grip and thus maintain the initial radial and axial location of the tip of the toe.

17. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 wherein the axial distance from the vertical part of the flange to the center line of the groove is at least as great as the axial distance from the flange contacting vertical part of the tire bead to the end of the toe measured before the tire is fitted to the wheel rim so that the toe will enter into engagement with the groove.

18. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 17 wherein the said axial distances are in the range of 16-23 mm.

19. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 17 wherein the said axial distances are both 20 mm.

20. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 17 wherein the said axial distances are both 18 mm.

21. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 wherein a flat ledge is provided between the groove and the well.

22. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 wherein a circumferential groove is provided at either side of the wheel rim and a toe is provided on both tire beads.

23. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 wherein the radius of the tip of the toe measured before the tire is fitted to the wheel rim is less than the radius of the base of the groove in the wheel rim such that upon assembly the tire toe is precompressed into the groove.

42. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 in which the bead toe is shaped to have an interference fit against the axial outer portion of the circumferential groove when the bead is normally seated on the rim bead seat.

43. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 in which the tire is a radial ply tire.

48. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 in which the tire is a cross-ply tire.

53. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 in which the tire is a belted bias ply tire.

61. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 in which the axially inward surface of the bead is convex towards the interior of the tire from the toe tip to at least the radial height of the annular reinforcement.

66. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 1 in which the wheel rim includes, adjacent the radially outermost portion of each flange, a frusto-conical portion.

67. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 66 in which the tire has an aspect ratio of less than 1.00 and has a radial ply carcass which in each sidewall follows, at least from the mid-sidewall to the annular bead reinforcement, the neutral equilibrium curve of a single ply radial carcass with no breaker subjected to inflation pressure, the curve being tangential relative to the annular bead reinforcements and being substantially parallel to the frusto-conical portions of the wheel rim in the regions adjacent to said frusto-conical portions.

16. A tire and wheel rim assembly capable of operating in a substantially deflated condition without the tire becoming dislodged from its position on the rim comprising:

(a) a circular wheel rim having, in cross-section, a pair of radially outwardly extending flanges;

a pair of bead seats immediately adjacent the flanges and at a first annular plane;

a radially inwardly extending open well located between said bead seats, the depth of the open well from said first annular plane being at least as great as the radial height of the flanges above said plane so that a tire can be mounted on the rim by use of the open well;

(b) a tire mounted on said rim and defining therewith a chamber for inflation, said tire having a tread portion and a pair of sidewalls terminating in a pair of beads fitted upon the rim bead seats, each tire bead having a substantially inextensible annular bead reinforcement embedded therein; and

a bead toe;

(c) means on said rim and tire to prevent the tire beads from being dislodged from the rim bead seats into the open well when the tire is operated at normal driving speed in a deflated condition but permitting the tire to be mounted on the rim bead seats, said means comprising a circumferential groove in the rim immediately adjacent at least one bead seat in the area between the bead seat and the open well;

said means further comprising a bead toe extending axially and radially inwardly of said first annular plane and into its associated rim groove, said toe being flexible in a direction perpendicular to its length to allow tire fitting and having substantial rigidity in the direction of its length, the axial length of the bead seat and toe of the tire when the toe is straightened to extend in the axial direction for tire fitting measured from the tip of the toe to the heel point, which point is the point of intersection of a line along the bead seating portion of the tire and a line along the flange contacting portion of the bead, being less than the distance from the heel point on the rim measured along the bead seat and to the nearest point on the axially inboard face of the groove so that the toe will enter into engagement with the groove when the tire bead is positioned on its bead seat.

44. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 16 in which the tire is a radial ply tire.

49. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 16 in which the tire is a cross-ply tire.

54. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 16 in which the tire is a belted bias ply tire.

62. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 16 in which the axially inward surface of the bead is convex towards the interior of the tire from the toe tip to at least the radial height of the annular reinforcement.

68. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 16 in which the wheel rim includes, adjacent the radially outermost portion of each flange, a frusto-conical portion.

69. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 68 in which the tire has an aspect ratio of less than 1.00 and has a radial ply carcass which in each sidewall follows, at least from the mid-sidewall to the annular bead reinforcement, the neutral equilibrium curve of a single ply radial carcass with no breaker subjected to inflation pressure, the curve being tangential relative to the annular bead reinforcements and being substantially parallel to the frusto-conical portions of the wheel rim in the regions adjacent to said frusto-conical portions.

24. A tire and wheel rim combination capable of running when the tire is in a substantially deflated condition without bead dislodgement comprising a tire including a tread, sidewalls, a pair of beads, a substantially inextensible annular bead reinforcement embedded in each said bead, at least one of said beads having an axially and radially inwardly extending toe of generally triangular configuration, a circular one piece wheel rim having, in cross-section, a pair of radially outwardly extending flanges;

a pair of bead seats immediately adjacent the flanges having a bead seat diameter in a first annular plane;

a radially inwardly extending open well located between said bead seats, the depth of the well from said first annular plane being at least as great as the radial height of the flanges above said plane so that a tire can be mounted on the rim by use of the open well;

means on said rim and tire to prevent the tire beads from being dislodged from the rim bead seats into the open rim well when the tire is operated at normal driving speed in a deflated condition but permitting the tire to be mounted on the rim bead seats by inflation pressure and demounted therefrom by exerting an axially directed force against the tire bead, said means comprising a circumferential groove in said rim between a bead seat and the well for receiving said toe, said toe being made of elastomeric material having contour retaining capability so as to maintain its position in said groove against migration toward the well under the influence of forces transmitted to it from the tread by rotation of the annular bead reinforcement when the tire is operated in deflated condition.

25. The combination of claim 24 in which the bead toe is of a material at least as hard as the elastomeric material of any other portion of the tire.

26. The combination of claim 24 in which the bead toe is encased with a reinforcing material.

27. The combination of claim 26 in which the reinforcing material is a cross-woven fabric.

28. The combination of claim 27 in which the cross-woven fabric is of nylon and is positioned at a 45°

bias to the radial direction.

29. The combination of claim 24 in which the bead toe has in cross-section, the shape of a truncated triangle.

30. The combination of claim 29 in which the bead toe is at an angle to its bead seat so that a line extending from the projected apex of said truncated triangle and through the center of said triangle will intersect the respective tire bead reinforcement.

31. The combination of claim 24 in which the bead reinforcement, in cross-section, is of generally square configuration.

32. The combination of claim 24 including a triangular apex strip in the tire sidewall and attached to the bead reinforcement.

45. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 24 in which the tire is a radial ply tire.

50. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 24 in which the tire is a cross-ply tire.

55. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 24 in which the tire is a belted bias ply tire.

63. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 24 in which the axially inward surface of the bead is convex towards the interior of the tire from the toe tip to at least the radial height of the annular reinforcement.

70. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 24 in which the wheel rim includes, adjacent the radially outermost portion of each flange, a frusto-conical portion.

71. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 70 in which the tire has an aspect ratio of less than 1.00 and has a radial ply carcass which in each sidewall follows, at least from mid-sidewall to the annular bead reinforcement, the neutral equilibrium curve of a single ply radial carcass with no breaker subjected to inflation pressure, the curve being tangential relative to the annular bead reinforcements and being substantially parallel to the frusto-conical portions of the wheel rim in the regions adjacent to said frusto-conical portions.

33. A tire and wheel rim combination capable of running when the tire is in a substantially deflated condition without bead dislodgement comprising a tire including a tread, sidewalls, a bead on each sidewall, a substantially inextensible annular bead reinforcement embedded in said bead, at least one of said beads having a toe portion of generally triangular configuration extending axially and radially inwardly of said bead;

said wheel rim having, in cross-section, a pair of radially outwardly extending flanges and an open well between said flanges of a radial depth at least as great as the radial height of said flanges so that a tire can be mounted on the rim by use of the open well;

a pair of bead seats immediately adjacent the flanges;

at least one circumferential groove in the rim immediately adjacent a bead seat and positioned to receive said toe portion;

an intermediate rim portion between the groove and the well having a diameter approximately equal to that of the bead seat;

means to prevent the tire beads from being dislodged from the rim bead seats into the open rim well when the tire is operated at normal driving speed in a deflated condition but permitting the tire to be mounted on the rim bead seats by inflation pressure and demounted therefrom by exerting an axially directed force against the tire bead, said means comprising said toe being flexible in a direction perpendicular to its length to allow tire fitting but having such form integrity in the direction of its length that when the tire is operated in deflated condition with forces transmitted from the tread tending to rotate said annular bead reinforcement and move said at least one bead toward the open well, said form integrity will prevent the toe portion from deforming so that the bead region takes up a diameter large enough to move over said intermediate rim portion.

46. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 33 in which the tire is a radial ply tire.

51. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 33 in which the tire is a cross-ply tire.

56. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 33 in which the tire is a belted bias ply tire.

64. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 33 in which the axially inward surface of the bead is convex towards the interior of the tire from the toe tip to at least the radial height of the annular reinforcement.

72. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 33 in which the wheel rim includes, adjacent the radially outermost portion of each flange, a frusto-conical portion.

73. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 72 in which the tire has an aspect ratio of less than 1.00 and has a radial ply carcass which in each sidewall follows, at least from the mid-sidewall to the annular bead reinforcement, the neutral equilibrium curve of a single ply radial carcass with no breaker subjected to inflation pressure, the curve being tangential relative to the annular bead reinforcements and being substantially parallel to the frusto-conical portions of the wheel rim in the regions adjacent to said frusto-conical portions.

34. A tire and wheel rim combination capable of operating in a substantially deflated condition without the tire becoming dislodged from its position on the rim comprising:

(a) a circular wheel rim having, in cross-section, a pair of radially outwardly extending flanges;

a pair of bead seats immediately adjacent the flanges having a bead seat diameter in a first annular plane;

a radially inwardly extending open well located between said bead seats, the depth of the open well being at least as great as the radial height of the flanges above the bead seats so that a tire can be mounted on the rim by use of the well;

(b) a tire mounted on said rim defining therewith a single chamber for inflation, said tire having a thread portion and a pair of sidewalls terminating in a pair of beads fitted upon the rim bead seats, each tire bead having a substantially inextensible annular bead reinforcement embedded therein; and

a bead toe;

(c) means on said rim and tire to prevent at least one of the tire beads from being dislodged from its rim bead seat into the open rim well when the tire is operated at normal driving speed in a deflated condition but permitting the tire to be mounted on the rim bead seats by inflation pressure and demounted therefrom by exerting an axially directed force against the tire beads, said means comprising a circumferential groove in the rim, said groove being positioned immediately adjacent a bead seat with one side of said groove being formed as a radially inwardly curved extension of the adjacent bead seat, the groove having a smoothly curved bottom and being substantially symmetrical about a circumferential plane passing through the center of its bottom;

a rim portion between the groove and the open well approximately at the level of said first annular plane;

said means further comprising a radially and axially inwardly extended portion on the bead toe of the tire, said toe portion extending radially inwardly of said first annular plane and into the adjacent rim groove so as to contact at least the axially outer side of the groove when the beads are normally seated on the rim bead seats;

said toe portion being of an elastomeric material at least as hard as any other elastomeric portion of the tire and encased in a cross-woven fabric immediately under the surface thereof with the fabric being positioned with its cords at about a 45°

angle to the plane of the toe portion;

said toe portion having the shape, in cross-section, of a truncated triangle and being at an angle to the tire bead such that a line extending from the projected apex of said truncated triangle and passing through the center of that triangle will intersect the respective annular bead reinforcement;

said toe being flexible in a direction perpendicular to its length to allow tire fitting and having substantial form stiffness in the direction of its length such that when an axially inward force at the tread portion is applied to the bead by the tire sidewall in the ground contacting portion of the tire circumference, a substantial radially and axially outwardly directed force is generated at the bead reinforcement, the generated force tightening the bead reinforcement and retaining the bead.

47. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 34 in which the tire is a radial ply tire.

52. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 34 in which the tire is a cross-ply tire.

57. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 34 in which the tire is a belted bias ply tire.

65. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 34 in which the axially inward surface of the bead is convex towards the interior of the tire from the toe tip to at least the radial height of the annular reinforcement.

74. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 34 in which the wheel rim includes, adjacent the radially outermost portion of each flange, a frusto-conical portion.

75. A tire and wheel rim assembly according to claim 74 in which the tire has an aspect ratio of less than 1.00 and has a radial ply carcass which in each sidewall follows, at least from the mid-sidewall to the annular bead reinforcement, the neutral equilibrium curve of a single ply radial carcass with no breaker subjected to inflation pressure, the curve being tangential relative to the annular bead reinforcements and being substantially parallel to the frusto-conical portions of the wheel rim in the regions adjacent to said frusto-conical portions.

35. A tire for mounting on a circular wheel rim having, in cross-section, a pair of radially outwardly extending flanges;

a pair of bead seats immediately adjacent the flanges having a bead seat diameter in a first annular plane;

a radially inwardly extending open well located between said bead seats, the depth of the open well from said first annular plane being at least as great as the radial height of the flanges above said plane so that the tire can be mounted on the rim by use of the open well; and

a circumferential groove in the rim adjacent at least one bead seat in the area between the bead seat and the open well, said tire being capable of running on a vehicle under a high applied side force without bead dislodgement and comprising a tread, a pair of sidewalls, a pair of beads, a substantially inextensible annular reinforcement embedded in each bead, at least one of said beads having an extended toe of generally triangular configuration as viewed in cross-section, one apex of said cross-section being axially and radially inwards of said annular reinforcement and the side of the triangular configuration opposite said one apex abutting the annular reinforcement whether the tire be in repose, inflated, or operating in a substantially deflated condition with an applied side force, said toe being made of elastomeric material having the capability of bending perpendicular to a line from said one apex to the annular reinforcement and having high capability to maintain its contour integrity and its length from the annular reinforcement to said one apex under the application to the bead of a rotational moment resulting from an axially inward force applied to the tire tread under deflated running and causing a substantially radially and axially outwardly directed force on the bead to tighten the annular reinforcement and retain the bead whereby the toe can function in cooperation with a rim groove to prevent the bead from dislodgement and migrating to the well when operating deflated under said high side force conditions.

36. The tire of claim 35 in which the toe has a reinforcing layer of fabric positioned adjacent to the surface of the toe and extending around the toe and bead from the bead seat region and upwards along the axially inner surface of the toe to at least the radial height of the annular reinforcement.

37. The tire of claim 36 in which the reinforcing layer of fabric is a woven fabric.

38. The tire of claim 36 in which the reinforcing layer of fabric is a knitted fabric.

39. The tire of claim 36 in which the reinforcing layer of fabric is nylon.

40. The tire of claim 35 in which the elastic material of said toe is rubber at least as hard as any other rubber of which said tire is composed.

41. The tire of claim 35 in which said one apex of the generally triangular toe is truncated, the inner defining wall leading to said one apex being convex and the outer wall leading to said one apex being concave when the tire is in a condition of repose.

58. A tire according to claim 35 in which the tire is a radial ply tire.

59. A tire according to claim 35 in which the tire is a cross ply tire.

60. A tire according to claim 35 in which the tire is a belted bias ply tire.