Blood glucose control apparatus

• US 4,151,845 A
• Filed: 11/25/1977
• Issued: 05/01/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 11/25/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Miles Laboratories, Inc. (Bayer AG)
• Original Assignee: Miles Laboratories, Inc. (Bayer AG)
• Inventors: Clemens, Anton H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bagwill, Robert E.
• Application Number:
  US05/854,508
• Time in Patent Office: 522 Days
• Field of Search: 128/214 R, 128/214 E, 128/214 F, 128/DIG. 12, 128/DIG. 13, 128/213
• US Class Current: 604/66
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1723 using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure measurement of body parameters A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/13 Infusion monitoring

Abstract

Apparatus is described for controlling blood glucose concentration in a subject by selected infusion of insulin into the blood stream of such subject, depending upon the general blood glucose concentration. This apparatus comprises in combination sensor means for determining the blood glucose concentration and for providing computer input signals based on such measurement, computer means for receving such input signals and for providing output signals based upon such input signals, and pump means responsive to such computer output signals to supply insulin to such subject at a rate determined by such output signals. The computer means is programmed to derive the output signals in accordance with specific equations employing certain independently selected values relating to basal blood glucose concentrations and basal insulin infusion rates at such basal blood glucose concentrations.

Claims

1. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood steam of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU9## wherein;

IR=insulin infusion rate,

Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI,

G=the last glucose value,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration,

Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject,

K=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K_R) or falling (K_F),

t=time; and

n=a number ranging from 1 to 3.

2. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said out signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU10## except when Gy is less than BI, in which event said rate is derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU11## wherein;

IR=insulin infusion rate,

Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI,

Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration,

Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject,

K=is a preselected value dependent upon the the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K_R) or falling;

(K_F),

m=is the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive blood glucose values; and

n=a number ranging from 1 to 3.

3. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU12## wherein;

IR=insulin infusion rate,

Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI,

G=the last glucose value,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration,

Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject,

K=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K_R) or falling (K_F), and

t=time.

4. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said out signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU13## except when Gy is less than BI, in which event said rate is derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU14## wherein;

IR=insulin infusion rate,

Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI,

Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration,

Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject,

K=is a preselected value dependent upon the the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K_R) or falling (K_F); and

m=is the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive blood glucose values.

5. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentrations in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values, computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals;

and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said course to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU15## wherein;

IR=the insulin infusion rate,

Ri=the desired basal insulin infusion rate at BI,

G=the last glucose value,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and

Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

6. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentrations in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values, computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals;

and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU16## wherein;

IR=the insulin infusion rate,

Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI,

G=the last glucose value,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and

Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

7. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentrations in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values, computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals;

and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU17## wherein;

IR=the insulin infusion rate,

Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI,

G=the last glucose value,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and

Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

8. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU18## wherein;

IR=the insulin infusion rate,

Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI,

Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and

Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

9. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU19## wherein;

IR=the insulin infusion rate,

Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI,

Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and

Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

10. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

##EQU20## wherein;

IR=the insulin infusion rate,

Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI,

Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line,

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and

Qi=the preselected value depending upon the subject.

11. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the rate of change of glucose concentration in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">IR=K(dG/dt)

wherein;

Ir=the insulin infusion rate,

K=a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K_R) or falling (K_F),

G=the last glucose value, and

t=time.

12. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the rate of change of glucose concentration in said blood stream said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">IR=Km

wherein;

Ir=the insulin infusion rate,

K=a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K_R) or falling (K_F), and

M=the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive glood glucose values.

13. Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the rate of change of glucose concentration in said blood stream said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values;

computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and

infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said out signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals;

said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">IR=Km (Gy-BI)

except when GY is less than BI, in which event IR equals zero,

wherein;

Ir=the insulin infusion rate,

K=a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K_R) or falling (K_F),

m=the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive blood glucose values,

Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, and

Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration.