Method and apparatus for increasing the visibility of low-contrast images

• US 4,153,335 A
• Filed: 08/01/1977
• Issued: 05/08/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 08/01/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hughes Danbury Optical Systems Incorporated
• Original Assignee: ITEQ Corporation
• Inventors: Buchan, William R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Corbin, John K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Rosenberger, R. A.
• Application Number:
  US05/820,524
• Time in Patent Office: 645 Days
• Field of Search: 356/71, 356/168, 250/225, 350/150, 350/157
• US Class Current: 359/242
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/02 for controlling the intensity of light G02B26/004 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/286 for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another G02B5/3083 takes precedence; light guide coupling means utilising polarising elements G02B6/34
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/52 Phase contrast optics in microscopes G02B21/14
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/03 based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect G02F1/061 takes precedence

Abstract

Method and apparatus for increasing the visibility of low contrast images. In accordance with the invention, the visibility of a selected area of an image is increased relative to another area of said image which differs only slightly in brightness from said selected area by causing said selected area to periodically vary in brightness while maintaining the brightness of said other area constant.

The apparatus for carrying out the invention comprises an optical circuit including an electro-optic photosensitive storage device having a photosensitive characteristic in which the conductance of the device varies as a function of the intensity of the radiation incident upon it, and an electro-optic birefringent characteristic in which the birefringence varies as a function of an electric field applied across it. An image of an object is read into the device which is then read-out onto a screen by placing the device between two polarizers in a readout light beam. Additionally included between the polarizers is an optical retardation means capable of cyclically varying the retardation in the readout path between two chosen values. By cyclically varying the retardation between said chosen values, one area of the output image can be maintained at a constant brightness while all other areas of different original brightness will be caused to cyclically "flicker" above and below the constant brightness level. This "flicker" will make those areas more readily discernible.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the visibility of a first area of an image which differs in brightness from a second area of said image, said method comprising:

periodically varying the brightness level of said first area of said image while maintaining the brightness level of said second area of said image constant.

2. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of periodically varying the brightness level of said first area comprises the step of periodically varying the brightness level of said first area from between a brightness level which is above the brightness level of said second area and a brightness level which is below the brightness level of said second area.

3. A method as recited in claim 2 wherein said step of periodically varying the brightness level of said first area comprises varying the brightness level of said first area at a frequency at or below about 10-12 cycles per second.

4. Apparatus for increasing the visibility of a first area of an object which differs in brightness from a second area of said object, said apparatus comprising:

a. an electro-optic photosensitive storage device having a photosensitive characteristic in which the conductance of the device varies as a function of the intensity of the radiation incident upon it, and an electro-optic birefringent characteristic in which the birefringence varies as a function of an electric field applied across it;

b. means for reading an image of said object into said electro-optic photosensitive device; and

c. means for reading said image out of said electro-optic photosensitive device and for projecting said read-out image onto an image receiving surface, said readout means including;

(1) means for producing a read-out beam of radiation;

(2) a pair of polarizer means;

(3) means for supporting said electro-optic photosensitive device between said pair of polarizer means in said read-out radiation beam; and

(4) optical retardation means between said polarizer means for cyclically varying the retardation in said read-out radiation beam whereby the brightness of the read-out image of said first area of said object will be caused to cyclically vary while the brightness of the read-out image of said second area of said object will remain constant.

5. Apparatus as recited in claim 4 wherein said optical retardation means includes means for cyclically varying the retardation between two chosen values for causing the brightness level of said read-out image of said first area of said object to cyclically vary in brightness above and below the brightness level of the read-out image of said second area of said object.

6. Apparatus as recited in claim 5 wherein said optical retardation means includes means for cyclically varying the retardation from +K₀ to -2(K₀ +α

K₁) wherein;

K₀ =the minimum retardation associated with the minimum potential across the device and the maximum light intensity on said image receiving surface;

K₁ =the maximum retardation associated with the maximum potential across the device and the minimum light intensity on said image receiving surface; and

α

=a fraction of the maximum retardation whereby α

K₁ defines said selected value.

7. Apparatus as recited in claim 4 wherien said optical retardation means comprises a variable retardation plate.

8. Apparatus as recited in claim 7 wherein said variable retardation plate comprises a wave plate moveable in and out of said read-out radiation beam.

9. Apparatus as recited in claim 7 wherein said variable retardation plate comprises a Babinet-Soleil compensator moveable in and out of said read-out radiation beam.

10. Apparatus as recited in claim 4 wherein said optical retardation means comprises an electro-optic light modulator.

11. Apparatus as recited in claim 4 wherein said optical retardation means comprises means for cyclically varying the voltage applied to said electro-optic photosensitive device.

12. Apparatus as recited in claim 4 wherein said optical retardation means comprises means for cyclically varying said retardation at or below about 10-12 cycles per second.