Voice synthesizer

• US 4,163,120 A
• Filed: 04/06/1978
• Issued: 07/31/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 04/06/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Baumwolspiner, Milton
• Primary Examiner(s): Claffy, Kathleen H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kemeny, E. S.
• Application Number:
  US05/894,042
• Time in Patent Office: 481 Days
• Field of Search: 179/1 SM, 179/1 SH, 179/1 SA, 179/15.55 T
• US Class Current: 704/269
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/00 Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis in musical instruments G10H

Abstract

The speech synthesizer minimizes storage requirements by storing basis functions each defining a waveform segment or phoneme within a pitch period and including formants F1 and F2, featuring readin at one rate and readout at different rates within the pitch period. The synthesizer is characterized by each basis function being represented by a data point plotted on a single line on a chart having first and second formant log-log axes and means for producing a speech waveform segment approximately representing any desired point located off of the single line on the chart by selecting and reading out of the memory one of the basis functions at a rate different than the basic storage rate.

Claims

1. A voice synthesizer (FIG. 1) arranged with a memory (18) for storing basis functions (FIGS. 4A through 4L), each basis function including a set of data representing a speech waveform segment recorded at a basic storage rate and each basis function defining a waveform segment within a pitch period and including plural formants F1 and F2;

the synthesizer BEING CHARACTERIZED BY

each basis function being represented by a data point plotted on a single line (46) on a chart having first and second formant log-log axes (FIG.

     3), and

means (11, 12, 13, 15, 20, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 40,

     41) for producing a speech waveform segment within the pitch period and approximately representing a data point located off of the single line (46) on the chart by selecting and reading out of the memory (18) in the pitch period one of the basis functions at a rate different than the basic storage rate.

2. A voice synthesizer in accordance with claim 1 wherein

the line (46) on the chart is further characterized as a straight line having a slope m=-1 on the log-log axes.

3. A voice synthesizer in accordance with claim 1 wherein

the memory (18) further comprises

a section storing a data point table (FIG. 6) including a list of data points describing a complete sound to be synthesized, a first table (FIG. 7) including a list of addresses, each address locating an initial storage position of a sequence of storage positions of a different one of the basis functions, and a second table (FIG. 8) including a list of basis function data,

the producing means is further characterized by

a microprocessor (15) interconnecting with the memory (18) by way of an address bus (30) and a data bus (31), the microprocessor being responsive to data read from the data point table (FIG. 6) and the first table (FIG. 7) for controlling transfer of selected basis function data from the second table (FIG. 8) to the microprocessor,

an input/output device (20) interconnecting with the microprocessor by way of the data bus (31) for receiving the selected basis function data from the microprocessor, and

a first digital-to-analog converter (11) interconnecting with the input/output device by way of data bus means (32) for receiving the selected basis function data from the input/output device, the first digital-to-analog converter being responsive to the selected basis function data for generating an analog waveform segment approximately representing a desired data point.

4. A voice synthesizer in accordance with claim 3 wherein the microprocessor (15) is further characterized by operating in response to a time compression/expansion coefficient (60) fetched from the data point table (FIG. 6) for determining the rate of transmitting basis function data from the microprocessor to the input/output device.

5. A voice synthesizer in accordance with claim 3 wherein the producing means is further characterized by a second digital-to-analog converter (12) interconnecting with the input/output device (20) by way of data bus means (33), the second digital-to-analog converter (12) being responsive to an amplitude coefficient (70) fetched from the list of the data point table (FIG. 6) for producing a bias signal, the first digital-to-analog converter (11) being further responsive to the bias signal for modifying the amplitude of the analog waveform segment representing the desired data point.

6. A voice synthesizer arranged with a memory for storing basis functions, each basis function including a set of data representing a speech waveform segment recorded at a basic storage rate and each basis function defining a waveform segment within a pitch period and including plural formants F1 and F2;

the synthesizer being characterized by

means for reading out the basis functions at a readout rate that is varied from pitch period to pitch period, different readout rates producing different speech waveform segments within the pitch period and including formants F1 and F2.