Pitch detector and method thereof

• US 4,164,626 A
• Filed: 05/05/1978
• Issued: 08/14/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 05/05/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Fette, Bruce A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Claffy, Kathleen H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kemeny, E. S.
• Application Number:
  US05/903,264
• Time in Patent Office: 466 Days
• Field of Search: 179/1 SC, 179/1 P, 179/1 D, 73/67, 73/556, 73/559
• US Class Current: 704/208
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 25/93 Discriminating between voiced and unvoiced parts of speech signals G10L25/90 takes precedence

Abstract

A pitch and voiced/unvoiced detector comprising a low pass filter or variable cutoff frequency low pass filter for providing a constant power output, DC shifting and weighting circuits operating on the filtered analog signals, a summing circuit for the filtered and weighted signals, a peak detector with controlled exponential decay time and timing circuits which are used to distinguish pitch and voiced/unvoiced structure in the analog input signal.

Claims

1. A pitch detector for extracting pitch information from an audio signal comprising:

(a) low pass filter means coupled to receive the audio signal and for attenuating speech components in the audio signal generally higher than human pitch frequencies for producing a filtered audio signal; and

(b) DC shifting means coupled to said low pass filter means and to receive the audio signal for causing the pitch peaks of said filtered audio signal to be above a reference voltage such that crossovers of said reference voltage occur substantially at a rate of twice the pitch frequency.

2. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 1 wherein said low pass filter means comprise a low pass filter having two real axis pole pair at 300 Hz.

3. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 1 wherein said DC shifting means comprises:

(a) first peak detector means for providing a six percent DC shift in said filtered audio signal; and

(b) second peak detecting means for providing an additional thirty percent DC shift in said filtered audio signal, wherein said second peak detecting means has a time constant equal approximately to the delay time constant of voiced sounds of humans, and said first peak detecting means having a time constant of approximately 2 seconds.

4. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 1 further comprising:

(a) damped peak detector means coupled to said DC shifting means for providing an output pulse train substantially corresponding in frequency to the pitch of the audio signal.

5. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 4 further comprising:

(a) means coupled to said damped peak detector means for passing pulses to an output terminal which occur no sooner than a predetermined period of time from the previous pulse.

6. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 5 further comprising:

(a) pulse train detecting means coupled to said output terminal of said means for passing pulses and for determining if at least two pulses occur within a predetermined interval of time for indicating a voiced condition of the audio signal.

7. A pitch detector comprising:

(a) low pass filter means having a double pole response in the region of 300 Hz for receiving and filtering an incoming audio signal thereby producing a filtered audio signal;

(b) first full wave peak detector means coupled to said incoming audio signal and having a time constant substantially in the range of 1 to 2 seconds for averaging the peaks of said incoming audio signal;

(c) second full wave peak detector means coupled to said low pass filter means and having a time constant substantially in the range of 5 to 20 milliseconds for averaging the peaks of said filtered audio signal;

(d) summer means for summing said filtered audio signal, output of said first full wave peak detector means, and output of said second full wave peak detector means for producing a filtered audio frequency signal having excursions above a reference voltage equal in frequency to the pitch of said audio signal.

8. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 7 further including:

(a) third peak detector means having a time constant substantially in the range of 13 milliseconds for providing a decaying pulse signal of said pitch frequency of said audio signal;

(b) voltage divider and comparison means for dividing said decaying pulse signal by a predetermined amount and comparing said divided signal with said pitch signal for producing an output whenever said pitch signal is greater than said divided decaying pulse signal.

9. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 8 further comprising:

(a) means coupled to said voltage divider and comparison means for passing pulses to an output terminal which occur no sooner than approximately 3.3 milliseconds from the previous pulse.

10. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 9 further comprising:

(a) pulse train detecting means coupled to said output terminal of said means for passing pulses and for determining if at least two pulses occur within a fifteen millisecond time period for indicating a voiced condition of said audio signal.

11. A pitch detector comprising:

(a) input amplitude adjustment means for receiving an audio signal and for producing a regulated audio signal having a constant average power; and

(b) variable cutoff frequency low pass filter means coupled to said input amplitude adjustment means for extracting low frequency components of said audio signal which provide a fraction of said constant average power of said regulated audio signal, said low frequency components being substantially comprised of the pitch signal of said audio signal.

12. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 11 wherein said fraction of said constant average power is a predetermined fraction.

13. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 12 further comprising:

(a) DC shifting means coupled to said regulated audio signal and to said variable low pass filter means for causing the pitch peaks of said low frequency components of said audio signal to be above a reference voltage such that crossovers of said reference voltage occur substantially at a rate of twice the pitch frequency.

14. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 13 further comprising:

(a) damped peak detector means coupled to said DC shifting means for providing an output pulse train substantially corresponding in frequency to the pitch of the audio signal.

15. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 14 further comprising:

(a) means coupled to said damped peak detector means for passing pulses to an output terminal which occur no sooner than a predetermined period of time from the previous pulse.

16. A pitch detector as set forth in claim 15 further comprising:

(a) pulse train detecting means coupled to said output terminal of said means for determining if at least two pulses occur within a predetermined interval of time for indicating a voiced condition of the audio signal.

17. A method of detecting the pitch frequency of an audio signal which comprises the steps of:

(a) filtering the audio signal for attenuating high frequency components of the audio siignal and thereby producing a filtered audio signal;

(b) DC shifting said filtered audio signal by an amount proportional to the peak values of the audio signal and said filtered audio signal so as to place the pitch peaks of said filtered audio siignal above a reference voltage such that crossovers of said reference voltage occur substantially at a rate of twice the pitch frequency.

18. A method of detecting the input audio signal which comprises the steps of:

(a) filtering the input audio signal with a low pass filter for attenuating frequencies greater than the highest anticipated pitch frequency for producing a filtered audio signal;

(b) DC shifting the input audio signal by approximately six percent of the peak signal with a peak detector having an exponential decay time constant of two seconds for producing a first DC offset voltage;

(c) DC shifting said filtered audio signal by approximately thirty percent of the peak signal with a peak detector having an exponential decay time constant substantially in the range of five to twenty millliseconds for producing a second DC offset voltage;

(d) summing said filtered audio signal, said first DC offset voltage and said second DC offset voltage for producing a shifted audio signal so as to place the pitch peaks of said filtered audio signal above a reference voltage and substantially all other components of said filtered audio signal below said reference voltage.

19. A method of detecting the pitch of an audio signal as set forth in claim 18 which further includes:

(a) peak detecting said summed audio signal with a peak detector having an exponentially decaying time constant substantially in the range of thirteen milliseconds for producing a damped peak signal;

(b) proportioning the amplitude of said damped peak signal by a predetermined amount for producing a proportionate damped peak signal;

(c) comparing said proportioned damped peak signal to said summed audio signal for providing a pulse train having a frequency substantially equal to the pitch of the audio signal.

20. A method of detecting the pitch of an audio signal as set forth in claim 19 further including:

(a) high frequency filtering said pulse train such that pulses occurring sooner than approximately 300 milliseconds are prevented from passing to the pitch pulse output terminal.

21. A method for detecting the pitch of an audio signal as set forth in claim 20 further including:

(a) sampling a period of time following each pulse for determining if a second pulse occurs within said time period for producing a voiced condition signal.

22. A method of detecting the pitch of an audio signal which comprises the steps of:

(a) adjusting the amplitude of the audio signal to produce a constant average power audio signal;

(b) low pass filtering said constant average power audio signal by varying the cuttoff frequency of a variable low pass filter for producing a filtered audio signal having a constant average power which is a fraction of the average power of said constant average power signal, said filtered audio signal substantially comprised of the pitch of the audio signal.

23. A method of detecting the pitch of an audio signal as set forth in claim 22 further including:

(a) DC shifting said filtered audio signal by an amount proportional to the peak values of said constant average power audio signal and said filtered audio signal so as to produce a shifted audio signal and to place the pitch peaks of said filtered audio signal above a reference voltage such that crossovers of said reference voltage occur substantially at a rate of twice the pitch frequency.

24. A method of detecting the pitch of an audio signal as set forth in claim 23 further including:

(a) peak detecting said shifted audio signal with a peak detector having an exponentially decaying time constant substantially in the range of thirteen milliseconds for producing a damped peak signal;

(b) proportioning the amplitude of said damped peak signal by a predetermined amount for producing a proportionate damped peak signal;

(c) comparing said proportioned damped peak signal to said shifted audio signal for providing a pulse train having a frequency substantially equal to the pitch of the audio signal.

25. A method of detecting the pitch of an audio signal as set forth in claim 24 further including:

(a) high frequency filtering said pulse train such that pulses occurring sooner than approximately 300 milliseconds are prevented from passing to the pitch pulse output terminal.

26. A method for detecting the pitch of an audio signal as set forth in claim 25 further including:

(a) sampling a period of time following each pulse for determining if a second pulse occurs within said time period for producing a voiced condition signal.