Polycrystalline diamond emitter

• US 4,164,680 A
• Filed: 11/16/1977
• Issued: 08/14/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 08/27/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Humberto F. Villalobos
• Original Assignee: Humberto F. Villalobos
• Inventors: Villalobos, Humberto F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Alfred E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Roberts, Charles F.
• Application Number:
  US05/852,022
• Time in Patent Office: 636 Days
• Field of Search: 313/61 S, 313/336, 313/311, 250/423 F
• US Class Current: 313/336
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2203/061 Graphite
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2203/0655 Diamond
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 1/304 Field-emissive cathodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 2201/30457 Diamond
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 9/022 of cold cathodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 505/879 Magnet or electromagnet

Abstract

Ultrasharp diamond edges and points which are usable as high intensity point sources for the emission of electrons, ions, X-rays, coherent and incoherent light and high frequency electromagnetic radiation are produced by preparing and classifying ultrafine diamond powder having a particle size of 10 to 100 angstroms, placing the powder in a diamond mold defining the ultrasharp edge or point to be produced and applying a pressure of the order of 80 to 90 kb while heating the powder to a temperature of the order of 2440° K. in an ultrahigh vacuum or inert atmosphere after degasing to avoid oxidation of the diamond powder.

Claims

1. A polycrystalline diamond emitter having an ultrasharp edge or point, said emitter comprising a multiplicity of diamond particles molecularly bonded together with the cohesion of natural diamond, all of said diamond particles being of a size less than 100 angstroms and being uniform in size within a range of 50 angstroms, said diamond particles being uniformly oriented to present like faces to said edge or point to define a uniform edge or point having a radius of from 3 to 100 angstroms, said emitter having at least in the portion forming said edge or point uniform inclusions of low work function metal.

2. An emitter according to claim 1, in which said inclusions are selected from the group consisting of rare metals.

3. An emitter according to claim 2, in which said inclusions are selected from the group consisting of rare-earths.

4. An emitter according to claim 1, in which said inclusions are selected from the group consisting of tungsten, rhenium, lanthanum, barium and caesium.

5. An emitter according to claim 1, in which said diamond particles have 1-1-1 faces and are oriented to present said 1-1-1 faces at the edge or point of said emitter.

6. An emitter according to claim 1, in which said inclusions are in the form of coatings on individual diamond particles.

7. An emitter according to claim 1, in which said inclusions are in the form of particles interspersed with said diamond particles.

8. An emitter according to claim 1 in which said inclusions comprise thorium.

9. An emitter according to claim 1, in which an ultrafine additive selected from the group consisting of LaB₄ and LaB₆ is intimately mixed with said diamond particles.

10. An emitter according to claim 1, in which individual diamond particles are coated with metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, nickel, cobalt and iron, said metal coating acting as a matrix which contributes to the bonding of said diamond particles.

11. An emitter according to claim 1, in which said diamond particles comprise platelets having a thickness of the order of 6 angstroms and a length of 10 to 100 angstroms, said platelets being interlocked with one another to form a solid body.