Coaxial cavity for measuring level of liquid in a container

• US 4,170,135 A
• Filed: 09/26/1978
• Issued: 10/09/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy
• Original Assignee: United States Department of Energy
• Inventors: Phelps, Frank R., Booman, Glenn L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Swisher, S. Clement
• Application Number:
  US05/945,926
• Time in Patent Office: 378 Days
• Field of Search: 73/290 R, 73/290 V, 73/304 C
• US Class Current: 73/290.00R
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 23/284 Electromagnetic waves

Abstract

A method and means for measuring the level of a liquid in a container. A coaxial cavity having a perforated outer conductor is partially submerged in the liquid in the container wherein the liquid enters and terminates the annular region of the coaxial cavity. The fundamental resonant frequency of the portion of the coaxial cavity which does not contain liquid is determined experimentally and is used to calculate the length of the liquid-free portion of the coaxial cavity and thereby the level of liquid in the container.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the level of liquid in a container utilizing a coaxial cavity having an inner conductor coaxially suspended within a tubular outer conductor, the outer conductor having perforations to allow liquid surrounding the coaxial cavity to enter and terminate a portion of an annular region between the inner conductor and the outer conductor, the steps in the method comprising:

partially submerging the coaxial cavity in the liquid in the container so that liquid enters and terminates a portion of the annular region between the inner conductor and the outer conductor, leaving a liquid-free portion in the annular region;

injecting a sinusoidal electric field into the liquid-free portion of the annular region;

varying the frequency of the electric signal while simultaneously monitoring the output power level in the liquid-free portion of the annular region for maximum and minimum output-power levels, the n_th harmonic resonant frequencies of the liquid-free position of the coaxial cavity are equal to the frequencies of the electric signal at which maximum or minimum output power levels occur; and

determining the level of liquid in the container from the n_th harmonic resonance frequencies and the dimensions of the container according to a predetermined scheme.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the level of liquid in the container comprises:

determining the fundamental resonant frequency F_o of the liquid-free portion of the coaxial cavity, according to the following relationship;

F_o =n×

F_n where n is an integer; and

determining the length L of the liquid-free portion of the coaxial cavity according to the following relationship;

L=c/F_o where c equals the speed of light.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of determining the level and quantity of liquid in the container further comprises:

determining the level L_w of liquid in the container, according to the following relationship;

L_w =L_T -L where L_T equals the distance from the top of the liquid-free portion of the coaxial cavity to the bottom of the tank.

4. The method according to claim 3 which further comprises measuring the temperature of liquid in the tank and adjusting the values of L_T and L_w to compensate for the thermal effects of the temperature of the liquid and the tank.

5. The method according to claim 4 wherein the axis of the coaxial cavity is perpendicular to the surface of the liquid in the container.

6. The method according to claim 5 wherein the electric signal is injected at the top of the liquid-free portion of the annular region of the coaxial cavity.

7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the output power in the liquid-free portion of the coaxial cavity is monitored by detecting the strength of the magnetic field at the top of the liquid-free portion of the coaxial cavity.

8. A device for measuring the level of liquid in a container comprising:

a coaxial cavity hving an inner conductor coaxially suspended within a tubular outer conductor, the outer conductor having perforations to allow liquid surrounding the coaxial cavity to enter and terminate a portion of an annular region between the inner conductor and outer conductor;

means for supporting the coaxial cavity within the container so that a bottom portion of the coaxial cavity is partially submerged in the liquid, leaving a liquid-free portion in the top of the annular region;

means for generating a variable-frequency sinusoidal electric signal;

means for injecting the electric signal into the liquid-free portion of the annular region connected to the means for generating and the coaxial cavity; and

means for detecting an output power level in the liquid-free portion of the annular region connected to the coaxial cavity.

9. The device of claim 8 wherein the coaxial cavity is long enough so that at least a portion of the coaxial cavity will be submerged in the liquid when the container contains the lowest level of liquid that is desired to be monitored.

10. The device of claim 9 which further includes;

means for monitoring the temperature of the liquid and the container.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein the coaxial cavity is suspended in the container with an axis of the coaxial cavity perpendicular to a top surface of the liquid in the container.

12. The device of claim 11 which further includes a computer which is connected to the means for generating, the means for detecting, and the means for monitoring, and which is programmed to calculate the level of liquid in the container.

13. The device of claim 12 wherein the outer conductor and the inner conductor of the coaxial cavity are made of stainless steel.

14. The device of claim 13 wherein the inner conductor of the coaxial cavity is a tubular member and the means for monitoring the temperature is located in the center of the inner conductor.

15. The device of claim 14 wherein the means for injecting comprises a first coupling loop connected to the means for generating and the coaxial cavity, and which is located at the top of the liquid-free portion of the annular region;

and wherein the means for detecting comprise a second coupling loop connected to the coaxial cavity, and which is located at the top of the liquid-free portion of the annular region.