Electrically rechargeable battery

• US 4,180,623 A
• Filed: 07/28/1978
• Issued: 12/25/1979
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Missiles and Space Co Inc (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Missiles and Space Co Inc (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Adams, George B.
• Primary Examiner(s): LeFevour, Charles F.
• Application Number:
  US05/928,785
• Time in Patent Office: 515 Days
• Field of Search: 429/21, 429/67, 429/70, 429/107, 429/206, 429/207, 429/210, 429/229-231, 429/247
• US Class Current: 429/400
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/36 Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

An electrically rechargeable battery comprising an inert cathode, a zinc anode and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, for example, NaOH, in which said anode and cathode are immersed. The alkaline electrolyte in the vicinity of the cathode contains an alkali metal ferricyanide salt, such as K₃ Fe(CN)₆ or Na₃ Fe(CN)₆. Optionally, a mechanical separator is utilized between the anode and cathode to prevent gross mixing of the saturated electrolyte at the cathode with the electrolyte in the vicinity of the anode. Preferably, the separator is of the ion exchange type. During electrical discharge, at the anode and cathode, the battery produces soluble reaction products which are transported in the electrolyte to respective external storage tanks which increase battery capacity. During the charge cycle, the reverse conditions occur.

Claims

1. An electrically rechargeable battery consisting essentially of at least one inert cathode, at least one zinc anode, a circulating alkaline catholyte in which said cathode is immersed, said catholyte containing a soluble alkali metal ferricyanide salt during electrical charge and a corresponding alkali metal ferrocyanide salt during electrical discharge, and a circulating alkaline anolyte in which said anode is immersed, said catholyte and anolyte permitting, during electrical discharge, electro oxidation of zinc to soluble zincate ions at said anode which are transported by the circulating anolyte to a first storage tank and electro reduction of soluble ferricyanide ions to the corresponding soluble ferrocyanide ions at said cathode which are transported by the circulating catholyte to a second storage tank and, during electrical charge, electrodeposition of zinc metal on said anode and electro oxidation of soluble ferrocyanide salt to the corresponding ferricyanide salt at said cathode.

2. A battery in accordance with claim 1 wherein means are provided for causing zinc oxide to precipitate out of said anolyte in said first storage tank and alkali metal ferrocyanide salt to precipitate out of said catholyte in said second storage tank.

3. A battery in accordance with claim 2 wherein during electrical charge of said battery solid zinc oxide in said first storage tank is dissolved in said circulating anolyte as soluble zincate ions and transported to said anode and solid alkali metal ferrocyanide salt in said second storage tank is dissolved in said circulating catholyte and transported to said cathode.

4. A battery in accordance with claim 1 wherein said anode and cathode comprise a plurality of bipolar electrodes connected in series internally.

5. A battery in accordance with claim 1 wherein a separator is utilized between said anode and said cathode.

6. A battery in accordance with claim 5 wherein said separator is an ion exchange separator.

7. A battery in accordance with claim 1 wherein said alkali metal ferro-ferricyanide salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, and potassium.

8. A battery in accordance with claim 1 wherein said alkaline catholyte and alkaline anolyte is an alkali metal hydroxide.

9. A battery in accordance with claim 8 wherein said alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, and potassium.

10. A battery in accordance with claim 8 wherein the open circuit cell potential of said battery is increased by the addition of inert alkali metal salts to said catholyte, said salts being non-oxidizable by said ferricyanide ion and soluble in said alkali metal hydroxide catholyte.

11. A battery in accordance with claim 8 wherein said anode comprises metallic zinc electrodeposited on a substrate having a high overvoltage for evolution of hydrogen when electrically charged.