Apparatus and method for automatic coloration and/or shading of images

• US 4,189,743 A
• Filed: 12/20/1976
• Issued: 02/19/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 12/20/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: New York Institute of Technology Incorporated
• Original Assignee: New York Institute of Technology Incorporated
• Inventors: Smith, Alvy R., Schure, Alexander, Catmull, Edwin
• Primary Examiner(s): Griffin, Robert L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Coles, Edward L.
• Application Number:
  US05/752,114
• Time in Patent Office: 1,156 Days
• Field of Search: 358/93, 358/127, 358/283, 358/75, 358/76, 358/81, 358/80, 358/903, 340/324 A, 340/324 AD, 340/172.5
• US Class Current: 348/577
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/40 Filling a planar surface by adding surface attributes, e.g. colour or texture

Abstract

The invention is an improved apparatus and method for the automatic coloration and/or shading of images, and especially images utilized for presenting animated motion pictures. Display means are provided, preferably at least one display for displaying monochrome line drawings and one for displaying color images. Graphical imput means, for example a data tablet, are provided, having a coordinate system adapted to effect display on the display means of characters defined by coordinate points selected by an operator. Means are provided for storing the coordinate points of at least one enclosed area of the coordinate system, this storing means typically including a portion of the data base of a computer system which stores the coordinate points of the lines drawn by the operator. These lines typically define a plurality of enclosed areas, such as the areas of a drawn character or figure. Means are also provided for storing an operator-selected position reference, called a "seed point", for each enclosed area. Further means are provided for storing an operator-selected color-defining parameter associated with each of the seed points. In this manner, the operator defines the coloration of each area, the seed point defining the area to be colored and the color-defining parameter associated with the seed point being determinative of the color with which the area will be filled. Means are provided for scanning the coordinate points within each enclosed area, the scan for each area initiating from a position which depends upon the stored position references, i.e. the stored seed points. Finally, video frame storage means are provided for storing the selected color-defining and/or shading-defining parameter for each of the scanned coordinate points within each enclosed area. In this manner, the video frame storage means will store the operator-selected parameter for each enclosed area, this operation being performed automatically after selection of the area and the desired color.

Claims

1. Apparatus for automatic coloration and/or shading of images, comprising:

display means;

graphical input means having a coordinate system adapted to effect display on said display means characters defined by coordinate points selected by an operator;

means for storing coordinate points defining at least one enclosed area of said coordinate system;

means for storing an operator-selected position reference which identifies each enclosed area;

means for storing an operator-selected video content parameter associated with each of said position references;

means for scanning the coordinate points within each enclosed area, the scan for each area initiating from a position which depends upon its associated stored position reference; and

video frame storage means for storing the selected video content parameter for each of the scanned coordinate points within each enclosed area.

2. Apparatus as defined by claim 1 further comprising bulk video storage means for storing the contents of said video frame storage means.

3. Apparatus as defined by claim 1 further comprising:

means for automatically generating and storing a plurality of frames wherein said at least one enclosed area assumes a different relative location or shape in said coordinate system;

means for automatically modifying each of said position references in accordance with the changes in its associated enclosed area;

means for scanning, for each frame, the coordinate points within each enclosed area, the scan for each area initiating from a position which depends upon the modified position references;

whereby said frame storage means, for each frame, stores the selected video content parameter for each of the scanned coordinate points within each enclosed area.

4. Apparatus as defined by claim 1 wherein said video content parameter is a color-defining parameter.

5. Apparatus as defined by claim 4 further comprising:

means for automatically generating and storing a plurality of frames wherein said at least one enclosed area assumes a different relative location or shape in said coordinate system;

means for automatically modifying each of said position references in accordance with the changes in its associated enclosed area;

means for scanning, for each frame, the coordinate points within each enclosed area, the scan for each area initiating from a position which depends upon the modified position references;

whereby said frame storage means, for each frame, stores the selected video content parameter for each of the scanned coordinate points within each enclosed area.

6. Apparatus as defined by claim 4 wherein said display means further comprises a color display for displaying the contents of said video frame storage means.

7. Apparatus as defined by claim 5 wherein said display means further comprises a color display for displaying the contents of said video frame storage means.

8. Apparatus for automatic coloration of images, comprising:

display means;

graphical input means having a coordinate system adapted to effect display on said display means of coordinate points selected by an operator;

means for storing the coordinate points of lines defining a plurality of enclosed areas of said coordinate system;

means for storing operator-selected position references which identify each enclosed area;

means for storing an operator-selected color-defining parameter associated with each of said position references;

means for scanning the coordinate points within each enclosed area, the scan for each area initiating from a position which depends upon the stored position references; and

video frame storage means for storing the selected color-defining parameter for each of the scanned coordinate points within each enclosed area.

9. Apparatus as defined by claim 8 further comprising:

means for generating and storing a plurality of key frames, each of said key frames having a plurality of enclosed areas;

means for automatically generating and storing at least one in-between frame wherein said plurality of enclosed areas assume relative locations and shapes which are interpolated from their relative locations and shapes in said key frames;

means for automatically generating position references for the enclosed areas of said at least one in-between frame, said position references for said in-between frame being interpolated from the position references of said key frames;

means for scanning, for said at least one in-between frame, the coordinate points within each enclosed area thereof, the scan for each area of said at least one in-between frame initiating from the interpolated position references;

whereby said frame storage means, for each frame, stores the operator-selected color-defining parameter for each of the scanned coordinate points within each enclosed area of each frame.

10. Apparatus as defined by claim 8 further comprising bulk video storage means for storing the contents of said video frame storage means.

11. Apparatus as defined by claim 10 further comprising:

means for generating and storing a plurality of key frames, each of said key frames having a plurality of enclosed areas;

means for automatically generating and storing at least one in-between frame wherein said plurality of enclosed areas assume relative locations and shapes which are interpolated from their relative locations and shapes in said key frames;

means for automatically generating position references for the enclosed areas of said at least one in-between frame, said position references for said in-between frame being interpolated from the position references of said key frames;

means for scanning, for said at least one in-between frame, the coordinate points within each enclosed area thereof, the scan for each area of said at least one in-between frame initiating from the interpolated position references;

whereby said frame storage means, for each frame, stores the operator-selected color-defining parameter for each of the scanned coordinate points within each enclosed area of each frame.

12. A method for automatic coloration and/or shading of images, comprising the steps of:

storing the coordinate points of lines defining a plurality of enclosed areas of a coordinate system;

displaying the stored lines;

storing an operator-selected position reference which identifies each enclosed area;

storing an operator-selected video content parameter associated with each of the position references;

scanning the coordinate points within each enclosed area, the scan for each area initiating from a position which depends upon the stored position references;

storing the selected video content parameter for each of the scanned coordinate points within each enclosed area; and

displaying a colored and/or shaded image from the stored video content parameters.