Method and means for recording sweat gland activity

• US 4,190,056 A
• Filed: 10/31/1977
• Issued: 02/26/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: American General (American International Group Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: American General (American International Group Incorporated)
• Inventors: Diamond, Arthur S., Tapper, Robert, Arora, Ajit S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Michell, Robert W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wallen, Thomas J.
• Application Number:
  US05/846,800
• Time in Patent Office: 848 Days
• Field of Search: 128/2 W, 128/630, 427/1, 283/7, 116/114 AM, 422/63, 422/68, 422/56
• US Class Current: 600/307
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1172 using fingerprinting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/415 the glands, e.g. tonsils, adenoids or thymus
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/418 lymph vessels, ducts or nodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4266 sweat secretion

Abstract

Method and apparatus for recording sweat gland activity which provides a pictorial representation thereof by physical contact of an iodide treated skin area with a dry sensitized substrate. In one preferred embodiment, the sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material which has been coated with an aqueous solution containing from 1 to 10 percent by weight of starch and from 2 to 10 percent by weight of a suitable oxidizing agent such as potassium persulfate. Alternately, the dry sensitized substrate comprises a starch-oxidizing agent mixture which has been impregnated into an absorbent base layer. With slight modification of the foregoing embodiment, the present invention also provides a method and apparatus for obtaining inkless fingerprints by forming a sensitized coating in situ on a substrate. For fingerprinting purposes, the sensitized coating is preferably formed from a quick drying starch-oxidizing agent solution including alcohol as a solvent. Accordingly, an aqueous iodide solution is applied to the skin area, and the treated skin area is subsequently contacted with the dry sensitized coating to produce the fingerprint.

Claims

1. A method for recording sweat gland activity by obtaining a clear resolute image which is directly proportional to the amount of perspiration exuded at each sweat gland orifice, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a dry sensitized substrate having a surface layer comprising a mixture of a starch and an oxidizing agent;

(b) treating a skin area to be recorded with an iodide solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium iodide, calcium iodide, potassium iodide and mixtures thereof;

(c) allowing the iodide treated skin area to dry in areas where no perspiration exists and to receive perspiration where it develops at each gland orifice; and

(d) momentarily contacting the surface layer of the sensitized substrate with the iodide treated skin area to produce the clear resolute image.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution of a starch and an oxidizing agent.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the dry sensitized substrate has a dry coating coverage of from about 2 to 10 pounds per 3000 square feet.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the sheet material is paper.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein the sheet material is a polymeric film.

6. The method of claim 2 wherein the sheet material is a metallic foil.

7. The method of claim 2 wherein the sheet material is a fabric.

8. The method of claim 2 wherein the sheet material is a non-wet strength paper.

9. The method of claim 2 wherein the dry sensitized substrate is coated on both sides of the sheet material.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with the mixture of a starch and an oxidizing agent.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution containing from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch, from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent and a solvent.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the solution further includes an effective amount of surfactants.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the solution further includes an effective amount of water soluble thickeners.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said water soluble thickeners are selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, buffers and mixtures thereof.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with a solution containing from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch, from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent and a solvent.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the solution further includes an effective amount of surfactants.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the solution further includes an effective amount of water soluble thickeners.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein said water soluble thickeners are selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, buffers and mixtures thereof.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein the amylose content of the starch is from about 20 to 55 percent by weight.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein the starch is selected from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof.

22. The method of claim 1 wherein the iodide solution comprises from about 2 to 25 percent by weight of sodium iodide in a solvent.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein said solvent is a lower alcohol.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein said lower alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.

25. The method of claim 1 wherein the iodide solution comprises from about 2 to 25 percent by weight of potassium iodide in a solvent.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein said solvent is a lower alcohol.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein said lower alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.

28. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of momentarily contacting the sensitized substrate is effected within a contact time from about 5 to 120 seconds.

29. The method of claim 1 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution consisting essentially of from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch selected from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof, from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof and remainder is a solvent.

30. The method of claim 1 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with a solution consisting essentially of from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch, selected from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof, from 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent, selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof, and remainer is a solvent.

31. A means for recording sweat gland activity by obtaining a clear resolute image which is directly proportional to the amount of perspiration exuded at each sweat gland orifice, the means comprising in combination:

(i) a dry sensitized substrate having a surface layer mixture of a starch and an oxidizing agent; and

(ii) an iodide solution to be applied to a skin area to be recorded, the iodide solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium iodide, calcium iodide, potassium iodide, and mixtures thereof and a solvent.

32. The means of claim 31 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution of a starch and an oxidizing agent.

33. The means of claim 32 wherein the dry sensitized substrate has a dry coating coverage of from about 2 to 10 pounds per 3000 square feet.

34. The means of claim 32 wherein the sheet material is paper.

35. The means of claim 32 wherein the sheet material is a polymeric film.

36. The means of claim 32 wherein the sheet material is a metallic foil.

37. The means of claim 32 wherein the sheet material is a fabric.

38. The means of claim 32 wherein the sheet material is a non-wet strength paper.

39. The means of claim 32 wherein the dry sensitized substrate is coated on both sides of the sheet material.

40. The means of claim 31 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with a mixture of a starch and an oxidizing agent.

41. The means of claim 31 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution containing from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch and from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent.

42. The means of claim 31 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with a mixture containing from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch and from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent.

43. The means of claim 31 wherein the starch has an amylose content of from about 20 to 55 percent by weight.

44. The means of claim 31 wherein the starch is selected from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof.

45. The means of claim 31 wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof.

46. The means of claim 31 wherein the iodide solution comprises from about 2 to 25 percent by weight of sodium iodide in a solvent.

47. The means of claim 46 wherein said solvent is a lower alcohol.

48. The means of claim 47 wherein said lower alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.

49. The means of claim 31 wherein the iodide solution comprises from about 2 to 25 percent by weight of potassium iodide in a solvent.

50. The means of claim 49 wherein said solvent is a lower alcohol.

51. The means of claim 50 wherein said lower alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.

52. The means of claim 31 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution consisting essentially from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch, selected from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof, and from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent, selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof, and remainder is a solvent.

53. The means of claim 31 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a absorbent base layer impregnated with the mixture consisting essentially of from 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch selected from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof, and from 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent, selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof, and remainder is a solvent.

54. A method for producing a relatively permanent inkless fingerprint, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a dry sensitized substrate having a surface layer comprising a mixture of starch and an oxidizing agent;

(b) moistening a skin area to be imprinted with an aqueous iodide solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium iodide, calcium iodide, potassium iodide and mixtures thereof; and

(c) momentarily contacting the surface layer of the sensitized substrate with the iodide treated skin area, while said skin area is still in a moistened condition to produce the inkless fingerprint.

55. The method of claim 54 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution of a starch and an oxidizing agent.

56. The method of claim 55 wherein the dry sensitized substrate has a dry coating coverage of from about 2 to 10 pounds per 3000 square feet.

57. The method of claim 55 wherein the sheet material is paper.

58. The method of claim 55 wherein the sheet material is a polymeric film.

59. The method of claim 55 wherein the sheet material is a metallic foil.

60. The method of claim 55 wherein the sheet material is a fabric.

61. The method of claim 55 wherein the sheet material is a non-wet strength paper.

62. The method of claim 55 wherein the dry sensitized substrate is coated on both sides of the sheet material.

63. The method of claim 54 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with the mixture of a starch and an oxidizing agent.

64. The method of claim 54 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution containing from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch and from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent.

65. The method of claim 54 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with a solution containing from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch and from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent.

66. The method of claim 54 wherein the starch has an amylose content of from about 20 to 55 percent by weight.

67. The method of claim 54 wherein the starch is selected from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof.

68. The method of claim 54 wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof.

69. The method of claim 54 wherein the aqueous iodide solution comprises from about 16 percent by weight of the iodide compound, about 7 percent by weight water, about 28 percent by weight glycerol and about 50 percent by weight alcohol.

70. The method of claim 54 wherein the aqueous iodide solution comprises from about 2 to about 25 percent by weight of the iodide compound in a solvent.

71. The method of claim 70 wherein said solvent is water.

72. The method of claim 54 wherein the step of momentarily contacting the sensitized substrate is effected within a contact time from about 5 to 120 seconds.

73. The method of claim 54 wherein the dry sensitized substrate is formed in situ by applying a sensitizing coating fluid comprising a solution of starch and an oxidizing agent to the surface of a substrate, and allowing the sensitizing fluid to dry.

74. The method of claim 54 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution consisting essentially of from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch selected from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof, and from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent, selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof, and remainder is a solvent.

75. The method of claim 54 wherein the dry sensitized substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with a solution consisting essentially of from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of a starch selelcted from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof, and from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent, selected from the group consisting sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof and remainder is a solvent.

76. A sensitized substrate comprising a substrate having a surface layer with dry coating coverage of from about 2 to 10 pounds per 3,000 square feet, the surface layer including a mixture of a strach and an oxidizing agent, said starch being selected from the group consisting of rice starch, potato starch, corn starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof, and said oxidizing agent being selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, postassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, and mixtures thereof.

77. The sensitized substrate of claim 76 wherein the substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution of the starch, the oxidizing agent and a solvent.

78. The sensitized substrate of claim 77 wherein the sheet material is paper.

79. The sensitized substrate of claim 77 wherein the sheet material is a polymeric film.

80. The sensitized substrate of claim 77 wherein the sheet material is a metallic foil.

81. The sensitized substrate of claim 77 wherein the sheet material is a fabric.

82. The sensitized substrate of claim 77 wherein the sheet material is a non-wet strength paper.

83. The sensitized substrate of claim 77 wherein the substrate is coated on both sides of the sheet material.

84. The sensitized substrate of claim 77 wherein the solution further includes an effective amount of surfactants.

85. The sensitized substrate of claim 77 wherein the solution further includes an effective amount of water soluble thickeners.

86. The sensitized substrate of claim 85 wherein said thickeners are selected from the group consisting of carboxmethyl cellulose, buffers and mixtures thereof.

87. The sensitized substrate of claim 76 wherein the substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with the mixture of the starch and the oxidizing agent.

88. The sensitized substrate of claim 87 wherein the substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with a mixture consisting essentially of from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of the starch, from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of the oxidizing agent, and remainder is a solvent.

89. The sensitized substrate of claim 76 wherein the substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution containing from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of the starch and from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of the oxidizing agent.

90. The sensitized substrate of claim 76 wherein the substrate comprises an absorbent base layer impregnated with a mixture containing from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of the starch and from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of the oxidizing agent.

91. The sensitized substrate of claim 76 wherein the starch has an amylose content of from about 20 to 55 percent by weight.

92. The sensitized substrate of claim 76 wherein the substrate comprises a sheet material coated with a solution consisting essentially of from about 1 to 10 percent by weight of the starch, from about 2 to 10 percent by weight of the oxidizing agent and remainder is a solvent.

93. A sensitizing coating fluid comprising a starch, an oxidizing agent, and a solvent, said starch being selected from the group consisting of rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof, said oxidizing agent being selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium iodate, sodium bromate, sodium chlorate and mixtures thereof, and said solvent being selected from the group consisting of alcohol, water, and mixtures thereof.

94. The sensitizing coating fluid of claim 93 wherein said starch is present in an amount of from about 1 to 10 percent by weight, and said oxidizing agent is present in an amount of from about 2 to 10 percent by weight and said solvent.

95. The sensitizing coating fluid of claim 93, wherein the starch has an amylose content of from about 20 to 55 percent by weight.

96. The sensitizing coating fluid of claim 93 wherein the solvent is methanol.

97. The sensitizing coating fluid of claim 93 wherein the solvent is ethanol.

98. The sensitizing coating fluid of claim 93 and further including a pigment selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and mixtures thereof.

99. The senitizing coating fluid of claim 93 wherein said coating fluid consisting essentially of said starch in an amount of from 1 to 10 percent by weight, said oxidizing agent in an amount from 2 to 10 percent by weight and remainder is said solvent.