Volume limiting ventilator

• US 4,197,843 A
• Filed: 04/03/1978
• Issued: 04/15/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 04/03/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Company
• Original Assignee: 3M Company
• Inventors: Bird, Forrest M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Recla, Henry J.
• Application Number:
  US05/892,677
• Time in Patent Office: 743 Days
• Field of Search: 128/145.5-145.8, 128/188, 128/194
• US Class Current: 128/200.14
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/00 Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes stimulating the respiratory movement by mechanical, pneumatic or electrical means, iron lungs combined with gas breathing means A61H31/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0051 with alarm devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0075 Bellows-type
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0081 Bag or bellow in a bottle

Abstract

A volume limiting ventilator having a sequencing servo for switching from an inhalation phase to an exhalation phase in its operative cycle. A bellows mounted in a container is provided for receiving gas from a source of gas under pressure. A master venturi is in communication with the interior of the bellows and the exterior of the bellows. A large air breathing tube forming a part of a breathing circuit connects the interior of the bellows to a patient adapter. A master flow cartridge controlled by the sequencing servosupplies source gas to the master venturi. A transfer valve assembly is provided for determining whether the gas flows straight through to the breathing circuit or alternatively is supplied to the container carrying the bellows to raise the bellows. The transfer valve assembly controls the transfer of gas in the container from the exterior of the bellows to the interior of the bellows. A volume stabilizer is provided for stabilizing the volumes between the interior of the bellows and the exterior of the bellows at the termination of the inspiratory phase. An expiratory nebulization cartridge is provided for supplying expiratory nebulization.

Claims

1. In a volume limiting ventilator having an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase in its operative cycle for use with a source of gas under pressure, an inlet adapted to be connected to the source of gas, a rigid canister, an expandable and collapsible bellows in said canister forming a chamber inside the bellows and in cooperation with the canister forming a chamber exterior of the bellows, a patient adapter adapted to be connected to the airway of the patient, means for connecting the patient adapter to the chamber within the bellows, flow path means for connecting the chamber exterior of the bellows and the chamber inside the bellows, transfer valve means mounted in said flow path means for controlling the flow of gases through the flow path means, a sequencing servo having an inlet connected to the inlet of the ventilator, an outlet, and a valve member movable between open and closed positions for controlling the flow of gases from the inlet to the outlet of the sequencing servo to cause the inhalation phase and the exhalation phase respectively of the ventilator, diaphragm-operated means for moving the valve member between its open and closed positions, means coupled to the sequencing servo for adjusting the forces applied to the diaphragm, a master venturi assembly and a sensing venturi assembly coupled to the flow path means both between the chamber exterior of the bellows and the transfer valve means, means for connecting the sensing servo assembly to the diaphragm-operated means of the sequencing servo so that pressure sensed by the sensing venturi assembly is supplied to the sequencing servo assembly, means connected between the outlet of the sequencing servo assembly and the master venturi assembly for supplying source gas to the master venturi during the inhalation phase, means connected between the inlet of the ventilator and the sensing venturi assembly for supplying source gas to the sensing venturi at the commencement of the exhalation phase, an exhalation valve assembly having an inlet connected to the patient adapter and an outlet vented to the atmosphere, means for supplying source gas from the sequencing servo during the inhalation phase to maintain the exhalation valve assembly in a closed position, a volume stabilizer valve assembly coupled to the master venturi assembly, said transfer valve assembly and said volume stabilizer valve assembly each having a valve member movable between open and closed positions and diaphragm-operated means for moving their valve member toward one of said positions, and means for supplying source gas to said diaphragm-operated means of said transfer valve assembly and said volume stabilizer valve assembly to simultaneously move their valve members to closed positions during the inhalation phase including means for causing a delayed opening of the valve member for the transfer valve assembly at the commencement of the exhalation phase, thereby causing opening of the volume stabilizer valve assembly prior to opening of the volume transfer and exhalation valve assemblies at the end of inhalation so that the gas volume above ambient pressure in the chamber exterior of the bellows will be vented to ambient.

2. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with means carried by the bellows for limiting the travel of said bellows downwardly into the canister to thereby limit the maximum volume of the chamber formed by the bellows.

3. A ventilator as in claim 2 together with a jack screw, a volume limiting dial accessible to the operator for rotating the jack screw and means carried by the jack screw and adapted to be engaged by the means for limiting the downward travel of the bellows in the canister.

4. A ventilator as in claim 3 together with visual means for indicating the position of the bellows and thereby giving an indication of the volume of gas within the chamber in the bellows.

5. A ventilator as in claim 1 wherein said means for causing a delayed opening for the transfer valve assembly includes a one-way valve and a restricted orifice connected in parallel to the diaphragm operated means of the transfer valve assembly.

6. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with expiratory time control means having an inlet connected to the source of gas under pressure and an outlet and valve means movable between open and closed positions for connecting the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet of the expiratory time control means, means connecting the outlet of the expiratory time control means to the sensing venturi assembly, volume sequencing delay means having an inlet and an outlet and a valve member movable between open and closed positions for controlling the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet, diaphragm operated means for moving the valve member between open and closed positions and means for supplying gas from the outlet of the expiratory timing means to the diaphragm operated means, bleed-down means connected to the diaphragm operated means of the sequencing delay cartridge for bleeding down the sequencing delay cartridge within a predetermined period of time, diaphragm operated means for moving the valve member of the expiratory time control means between open and closed positions, means for supplying gas from the outlet of the sequencing servo to the diaphragm operated means of the expiratory time control means, a volume termination switch adapted to be controlled by movement of the bellows in the canister, means for supplying gas under pressure through the volume sequencing and delay means to the volume termination switch so that gas cannot be supplied to the volume termination switch until a predetermined time has elapsed as determined by the volume sequencing delay means to permit the expiratory timing means to operate and to prevent a build-up of gas under pressure in the expiratory time control means.

7. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with failsafe lock-out means having an inlet and an outlet and a valve member movable between open and closed positions to control the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet and diaphragm operated means for controlling the movement of the valve member, means connecting the outlet of the failsafe lock-out means to the exhalation valve assembly, timing means coupled to the diaphragm operated means of the fail-safe lockout means and to the outlet of the sequencing servo so that source gas is supplied to the timing means during the inhalation phase so that the valve member of the failsafe lockout means is moved to the open position after a predetermined time to vent the exhalation valve assmbly to the atmosphere.

8. A ventilator as in claim 7 wherein said timing means includes an adjustable metering valve for metering source gas to the diaphragm operated means and one-way reset valve means connected in parallel with the adjustable metering valve for resetting of the failsafe lock-out means at the commencement of the exhalation phase.

9. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with a master flow means having an inlet and an outlet valve member movable between open and closed positions for controlling the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet and diaphragm operated means for controlling the movement of the valve member, means connecting the inlet of the master flow means to the inlet of the ventilator, means connecting the outlet of the master flow means to the master venturi and means connecting the diaphragm operated means of the master flow means to the outlet of the sequencing servo.

10. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with an entrainment reservoir coupled to the master venturi assembly, a one-way gate valve for preventing the flow of gas from the master venturi assembly into the entrainment reservoir and for permitting a flow of gas from the entrainment reservoir into the master venturi assembly, entrainment reservoir refill means having an inlet and an outlet and a valve member moveable between open and closed position for controlling the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet and an adjustable diaphragm operated means for controlling the movement of the valve member, means connecting the inlet of the entrainment reservoir refill servo means to the inlet of the ventilator, means connecting the outlet of the entrainment reservoir refill means to the entrainment reservoir and means coupling the entrainment reservoir to the diaphragm operated means of the entrainment reservoir refill means so that when a reduction in pressure of gas in the entrainment reservoir occurs, the diaphragm operated means of the entrainment reservoir refill means will move the valve member to an open position to permit gas to flow to refill the entrainment reservoir.

11. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with a port for supplying gases for inspiratory nebulization, inspiratory nebulizer selector means having an inlet and first and second outlets, means connecting the inlet of the inspiratory nebulizer selector means to the outlet of the sequencing servo, means connecting the first outlet of the inspiratory nebulizer means to the inspiratory nebulization port, means connecting the second outlet of the inspiratory nebulizer selector means to the entrainment reservoir, said inspiratory nebulizer selector means including a valve member movable between two positions for permitting gas from the inlet to flow either to the first outlet to the inspiratory nebulization port or alternatively to the second outlet and to the entrainment reservoir.

12. A ventilator as in claim 11 together with a restricted orifice connected to the second outlet of the inspiratory nebulizer selector means so that the flow of gas to the entrainment reservoir is at the same rate as the flow to the inspiratory nebulization port.

13. In a volume limiting ventilator having an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase in its operative cycle for use with a source of gas under pressure, an inlet adapted to be connected to the source of gas, a sequencing servo having an inlet connected to the inlet of the ventilator, an outlet, a valve member movable between open and closed positions for controlling the flow of gases from the inlet to the outlet, and diaphragm-operated means for moving the valve member between open and closed positions, a patient adapter, a master venturi assembly connected to the patient adapter, means connected between the outlet of the sequencing servo and the master venturi for supplying source gases to the master venturi, an exhalation valve assembly having an inlet connected to the patient adapter and an outlet vented to the atmosphere, means for supplying source gas from the sequencing servo to the exhalation valve assembly during the inhalation phase to maintain the exhalation valve assembly in a closed position, an inspiratory nebulization port, nebulizer means adapted to be connected between the nebulization port and the patient adapter, inspiratory nebulizer selector means having an inlet and first and second outlets and valve means for selecting passage of gases from the inlet to either the first outlet or the second outlet, means connecting the first outlet to the inspiratory nebulization port, an entrainment reservoir coupled to the master venturi assembly, means coupling the second outlet to the entrainment reservoir, and means coupling the inlet of the inspiratory nebulizer selector means to the outlet of the sequencing servo whereby a continuous flow of gas is supplied either to the inspiratory nebulization port or alternatively to the entrainment reservoir during the inhalation phase.

14. A ventilator as in claim 13 together with restricted orifice means for restricting the flow to the entrainment reservoir so that it is the same rate as supplied to the inspiratory nebulization port when it is selected.

15. A ventilator as in claim 13 together with failsafe lock-out means coupled to the exhalation valve assembly, said failsafe lock-out means including an inlet and an outlet and a valve member movable between open and closed position for controlling the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet and diaphragm operated means for operating the valve member, means coupling the outlet of the failsafe lock-out means to the outlet of the sequencing servo and to the exhalation valve assembly so that gas is supplied thereto during the inhalation phase, the outlet of the failsafe lock-out means being open to the atmosphere and timing means coupled to the diaphragm operated means of the failsafe lock-out means so that the valve member of the failsafe lock-out means is moved to the open position after a predetermined period of time.

16. A ventilator as in claim 15 wherein said timing means includes means coupling the same to the source gas during inhalation phase and adjustable means for controlling the flow of source gas to the diaphragm operated means and one-way check valve means for permitting resetting of said failsafe lock-out means at the termination of the inhalation phase.

17. A ventilator as in claim 13 wherein said means coupling the master venturi assembly to the patient adaptor includes a rigid canister, an expandable and collapsable bellows in said canister forming a chamber interior of the bellows and in cooperation with the canister forming a chamber exterior of the bellows, means connecting the patient adapter to the chamber within the bellows, flow path means establish communication between the chamber exterior of the bellows and the chamber interior of the bellows, transfer valve means mounted in said flow passage for controlling the flow of gases through the flow path means, means coupled to the outlet of the sequencing servo and to the transfer valve means for moving the transfer valve means to the closed position during the inhalation phase to prevent the flow of gas from the chamber exterior of the bellows to the chamber interior of the bellows and means carried by the bellows for limiting the travel of the bellows downwardly into the canister.

18. A ventilator as in claim 17 together with volume stabilizer means coupled to the master venturi assembly and open to the atmosphere and having a valve member movable to a position to prevent the master venturi from being vented to the atmosphere and means coupled to the outlet of the sequencing servo for maintaining said valve member of the volume stabilizer in a closed position during the inhalation phase.

19. A ventilator as in claim 17 wherein said means for limiting the downward travel of the bellow in the canister includes a rotatably mounted jack screw, a volume limiting dial accessable to the operator for rotating the jack screw and means carried by the jack screw adapted to be engaged by the means for limiting downward travel of the bellows in the canister.

20. A volume limiting ventilator having an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase in its operative cycle for use with a source of gas under pressure, an inlet adapted to be connected to the source of gas, a rigid canister, expandable and collapsible bellows in said canister forming a chamber inside the bellows and in cooperation with the canister forming a chamber exterior of the bellows, a patient adapter adapted to be connected to the airway of the patient, means for connecting the patient adapter to the chamber within the bellows, flow path means for connecting the chamber exterior of the bellows and the chamber inside the bellows, transfer valve means mounted in said flow path means for controlling the flow of gas through the flow path means, a sequencing serve having an inlet connected to the inlet of the ventilator, an outlet, and a valve member movable between open and closed positions for controlling the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet, and diaphragm-operated means for moving the valve member between its open and closed positions, a master venturi assembly coupled to said flow path means between the chamber exterior of the bellows and the transfer valve means, means connected between the outlet of the sequencing servo and the master venturi for supplying source gases to the master venturi, means fixed to the container for limiting the travel of the bellows in the container, and means adapted to be operated by the means for limiting the movement of the bellows in the container for controlling the operation of the sequencing servo, said means for limiting the travel of the bellows in the canister including a deck plate forming a portion of said canister and to which deck plate one end of said bellows is fixed, a jack screw rotatably mounted in the deck plate, a volume limiting dial rotatably mounted on the deck plate and adapted to be engaged so that it can be rotated by hand, means for coupling the volume limiting dial to the jack screw so that rotation of the volume limiting dial rotates the jack screw, a volume limiting arm threadably engaging said jack screw so as to be moved toward and away from the deck plate as the jack screw is rotated, and a push rod fixed to the bellows, the push rod and the volume limiting arm having portions adapted for engagement to limit the movement of the bellows away from the base plate at a relative position determined by the position of the volume limiting arm on the jack screw.

21. A ventilator as in claim 20 together with the volume indicating rod carried by the push rod and window means carried by the front panel through which the volume indicator rod is visible.