Appliance control

• US 4,200,862 A
• Filed: 12/28/1977
• Issued: 04/29/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 01/07/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PICO Electronic Limited
• Original Assignee: PICO Electronic Limited
• Inventors: Campbell, David C., Thompson, David R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Caldwell, Sr., John W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Myer, Daniel
• Application Number:
  US05/865,350
• Time in Patent Office: 853 Days
• Field of Search: 340/310 A, 340/310 CP, 340/310 R, 340/171 R, 325/394, 307/3, 179/2.5 R
• US Class Current: 340/12.32
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2300/03 Application domotique, e.g. for house automation, bus connected switches, sensors, loads or intelligent wiring
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00009 using pulsed signals
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00034 the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00036 the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers circuits for indication of single switches H01H9/167
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5416 by adding signals to the wave form of the power source
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/542 using zero crossing information
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5425 improving S/N by matching impedance, noise reduction, gain control
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5445 Local network
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5458 Monitor sensor; Alarm systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5483 using coupling circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5495 having measurements and testing channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/542 the information being in digital form
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/14 Protecting elements, switches, relays or circuit breakers
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/20 End-user application control systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/121 using the power network as support for the transmission

Abstract

An applicance control system comprises a data transmitter and plurality of slave units plugged into outlet sockets of a power main of a building, appliances being coupled to the slave units. The transmitter housing includes a data input arrangement by which slave unit addresses and operation signal can be input and means for producing therefrom digital address and operation signals injected onto the main for receipt by the slave units. Each slave unit is enabled by a digital signal complying its address to effect an appliance operation as defined by a received digital operation signal.

Claims

1. An electrical appliance control system for controlling electrical appliances within a building and comprising:

(a) a power main of the building;

(b) a plurality of power outlets of the main;

(c) a transmitter unit having;

(1) input means for entering any one of a plurality of addresses into the transmitter unit;

(2) means for generating, synchronously with the mains voltage, a multibit digital signal, comprising a multibit digital address signal representing an entered address, the digital signal being modulated on a carrier the frequency of which is a plurality of times greater than mains frequency, so that the bits of the digital signal comprise predetermined numbers of cycles of the carrier, the predetermined numbers depending upon the bit values, and a period within each bit occurring near a zero crossing point of the mains voltage; and

(3) output means for coupling the modulated digital signal onto the main; and

(d) at least one slave unit for controlling the supply of power to appliances and having;

(1) means for defining an address for that slave unit;

(2) a power input coupled to the main within the building;

(3) means for receiving from said power input said digital signal;

(4) means for recognizing the logical values of the bits of the received digital signal by counting during said period the number of cycles of the carrier and determining the value of the bit in dependence upon which of two non-overlapping number ranges contains the counted number; and

(5) means for comparing the digital address signal received by the receiving means with the address of the defining means and for rendering the slave unit operable to effect an appliance power supply control operation when correspondence is found between said address and the digital address signal;

(e) at least one of the transmitter and slave unit being releasably coupled to a power outlet of the main so as to be usable optionally at various placed within the building.

2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said input means of the transmitter unit is also operable to enter a desired appliance power supply control operation;

and wherein said means for generating is further operable for generating, as part of said multi-bit digital signal, a digital operation signal representing the defined operation and for supplying said digital operation signal to the output means for injection onto the main; and

at least one slave unit comprising;

means responsive to a received digital operation signal, when the slave unit has been rendered operable by a digital address signal, to effect an appliance power supply control operation as defined by the digital operation signal.

3. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one slave unit has a lighting dimmer control arrangement coupled to be controlled by the responsive means in dependence upon a received digital operation signal, and the input means of the transmitter includes means for entering desired dimming and brightening operations for encoding in the digital operation signals.

4. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the input means comprises a keyboard for entering said appliance power supply control operation and any one of said plurality of slave unit digital addresses.

5. A system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the input means comprises an ultrasonic receiver by which data can be entered into the transmitter unit.

6. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transmitter unit comprises:

means for including in each digital signal a system code; and

each slave unit comprises;

means for defining a system code; and

means for comparing the defined system code with the system code in a received digital signal and for responding to a correspondence between the system codes as a condition for response of the slave unit to other data in the received digital signal.

7. A system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the generating means comprises means for producing each digital signal as a combination of data in its logical true and logical inverse forms, and each slave unit comprises a comparator for comparing the true and inverse forms and for enabling the slave unit to respond only when correspondence between the true and inverse forms is detected.

8. A system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the generating means is operable to cause each digital address signal and a given range of the digital operation signals to be transmitted onto the main at least twice.

9. A system as claimed in claim 7, wherein each slave unit comprises:

an address memory to store the acceptance of an address by the comparing means to render the slave unit operable to effect an appliance power supply control operation; and

means for clearing the memory on the condition that a subsequent digital operation signal has been received and accepted.

10. A system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the clearing means is operable to clear the memory when another address is detected following response to said subsequent digital operation signal.

11. A system as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least one slave unit has a power outlet for connection to an appliance having an operating switch and sensing means for energising said power outlet on sensing at said power outlet a condition indicative of the operation of the operating switch of an appliance.

12. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the generating means comprises means for producing each digital signal as a sequence of bits every other one of which is followed in the sequence by its logical inverse, and each slave unit has a comparator for comparing the alternate bits with the intermediate bits to enable the slave unit to respond only when correspondence is detected by said comparator.

13. A system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the generating means is operable to precede each digital signal with a digital start code also modulated on said carrier, and each slave unit has means for detecting said start code to identify the beginning of the digital signals.

14. A system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the transmitter unit comprises means for enabling each digital signal to be transmitted onto the main at least twice.

15. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transmitter unit comprises a plug for plugging into one of said power outlets and a transformer coupling the plug to the output means.

16. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein each slave unit has a transformer coupling the power input to the receiving means, and at least one slave unit has a plug coupled to the power input for plugging the unit into one of said power outlets.

17. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transmitter unit is operable to produce at least one digital operation signal in a form constituting a general operation command, and a plurality of slave units each comprising means responsive to detect and act on said general operation command without prior response to a digital address signal.

18. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least some slave units comprise an address latch to store the receipt of the address of that slave unit and means for resetting the latch when another address is detected following response to one of said digital operation signals, whereby a group of slave units can be addressed in sequence for control by a single digital operation signal.

19. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one slave unit comprises a power outlet, means for applying a test voltage to said outlet and sensing means for energising said outlet with mains voltage on sensing a given change in a parameter of said test voltage indicative of the actuation of an operating switch of an appliance when connected to the outlet.

20. A system as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one slave unit comprises a power outlet, means for applying a test voltage to said outlet and sensing means for energising the outlet with mains voltage on sensing a given phase change in said test voltage.

21. A system according to claim 7, wherein the generating means is operable to produce the bits of the digital signals in respective time intervals synchronized with the mains voltage, a bit of one logic value being produced as a given number of cycles of the carrier in one of said time intervals and a bit of a second logic value being produced as an absence of cycles of the carrier in one of said time intervals.

22. A system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the recognizing means of each slave unit has counting means for counting carrier cycles only within said time intervals to identify the logic values.

23. A system as claimed in claim 22, wherein the generating means produces each of said bits for a first time period within an interval and said counting means is operable to count pulses in a second time period within an interval, said second time period being shorter than and within the first time period relative to mains voltage zero-crossing points.

24. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bits are transmitted within periods containing a zero-crossing point and each of a duration no greater than one eighth of a half-cycle of mains voltage.

25. A system as claimed in claim 24, wherein the generating means repeats each bit twice in one half-cycle of mains voltage, the transmitter unit comprising a timer to time said repetitions to occur substantially 60°

and 120°

after the beginning of the half-cycle.

30. A system as claimed in claim 3, wherein said generating means of the transmitter is arranged to generate the digital operation signals representing dimming and brightening operations repeatedly while said dimming and brightening operations are being entered in the input means, and the responsive means of said at least one slave unit comprises counting means for counting the number of repetitions of a received digital operation signal representing one of a dimming and a brightening operation, and is arranged to control the extent of dimming and brightening in dependence upon said number of repetitions counted.

26. A transmitter comprising:

input means for entering data defining an address and an appliance operation;

signal output means for connection to a power outlet socket of a domestic power main; and

generating means coupled to the input and output means to produce, at the output means and in synchronism with mains voltage, digital signals defining said data comprising data bits modulated on a carrier having a frequency a plurality of times greater than mains frequency so that bits comprise predetermined numbers of cycles of the carrier, the predetermined numbers depending upon the bit values, and the bits existing within time periods containing a zero-crossing of the mains voltage and each period of a duration no greater than one-eighth of a half-cycle of mains voltage.

27. A slave unit comprising:

electrical plug pins for plugging the unit into an outlet socket of a domestic electrical power main;

means for connecting the power input of an electrical appliance to the unit;

a current control device coupled between the pins and the connecting means to control the energisation of the appliance;

means for defining an address for the unit; and

means responsive to a multibit digital signal arriving at the pins, modulated on a carrier having a frequency a plurality of times greater than mains frequency the responsive means including counting means for counting the number of cycles of the carrier in periods which are short in relation to a half-cycle of the mains voltage and which are near zero crossing points of the mains voltage;

means for determining the values of the bits in dependence upon which of two non-overlapping ranges contains the counted numbers for said periods;

and a comparator for comparing the address defined by the defining means with one portion of the digital signal and for producing a signal to control the current control device in dependence upon another portion of the digital signal when correspondence is found between said address and said one portion of the digital signal.

28. A slave unit comprising:

means for coupling the unit to a domestic power main;

means for connecting a lighting appliance to the unit;

a light intensity control device coupled between the coupling and connecting means for controlling the brightness of a lighting appliance;

means for defining an address of the unit;

means responsive to a multibit digital signal arriving at the coupling means, modulated on a carrier having a frequency a plurality of times greater than mains frequency, the responsive means including counting means for counting the number of cycles of the carrier in periods which are short in relation to a half-cycle of the mains voltage and which are near zero crossing points of the mains voltage, means for determining the values of the bits in dependence upon which of two non-overlapping ranges contains the counted numbers for said periods and a comparator for comparing a first, address, portion of the digital signal with the defined address and for operating the control device in dependence upon another, control, portion of the digital signal arriving at the coupling means when correspondence is found between the address and said first portion of the digital signal.

29. A slave unit as claimed in claim 28, comprising:

means for counting the number of repetitions of one of a digital dimming and brightening operation signal received and for controlling the extent of operation of said lighting intensity control device in dependence upon the number of repetitions counted.

31. A transmitter comprising:

input means for receiving data defining an address and an appliance operation;

means coupled to the input means for generating, synchronously with the mains voltage, multibit digital signals so that bits comprise predetermined numbers of cycles of a carrier having a frequency a plurality of times greater than mains frequency, the predetermined numbers depending upon the bit values, a period within each bit occurring near a zero crossing point of the mains voltage, and the digital signal defining said address and said appliance operation; and

an electrical plug coupled to the generating means for plugging into a power outlet socket of a domestic power main to inject said digital signals onto said main.