Cell containing an alkali metal anode, a solid cathode, and a closoborane and/or closocarborane electrolyte

• US 4,201,839 A
• Filed: 11/01/1978
• Issued: 05/06/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 11/01/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Company (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Company (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
• Inventors: Johnson, Jack W., Whittingham, M. Stanley
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US05/956,746
• Time in Patent Office: 552 Days
• Field of Search: 429/194, 429/198, 429/199, 429/191, 429/188, 429/218, 429/192, 429/196, 429/200, 252/62.2
• US Class Current: 429/337
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0566 Liquid materials
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A novel electrochemical cell is disclosed which contains an alkali metal anode, a solid cathode, and an electrolyte containing one or more closoborane and/or closocarborane compounds in aprotic solvent. Preferred cells are those containing lithium anodes, chalcogenide cathodes and electrolytes containing one or more closoborane compounds in aprotic solvent with a chelating agent.

Claims

1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:

(a) an alkali metal-containing anode;

(b) a solid cathode; and

,

(c) an electrolyte containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of;

(i) closoborane compounds of the formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Z.sub.2 B.sub.n X.sub.n

wherein Z is an alkali metal, B is boron, X is one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the halogens, and n is an integer from 6 to 12; and

,

(ii) closocarborane compounds of the formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">ZCRB.sub.m X.sub.m

wherein Z, B and X are as defined above, C is carbon, and R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted alkyls, aryls, alkaryls and aralkyls, hydrogen, and the halogens, said compounds being dissolved in aprotic organic solvent in the presence of a chelating agent sufficient to enable the migration of ions between said anode and said cathode.

2. The cell of claim 1 wherein said electrolyte contains one or more closoborane compounds.

3. The cell of claim 2 wherein said variable X is selected from the group consisting of H, F and Cl.

4. The cell of claim 2 wherein said variable n is an integer from 8 to 12.

5. The cell of claim 2 wherein said variable X is selected from the group consisting of H and Cl, and said variable n is an integer from 10 to 12.

6. The cell of claim 2 wherein about 2 to about 50 grams of compound are used per 100 grams of aprotic organic solvent.

7. The cell of claim 1 wherein said electrolyte contains one or more closocarborane compounds.

8. The cell of claim 7 wherein the variable R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted organic radicals selected from alkyls having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryls having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and alkaryls and aralkyls having 7 to 50 carbon atoms, hydrogen and the halogens.

9. The cell of claim 8 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the halogens.

10. The cell of claim 9 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, F and Cl.

11. The cell of claim 8 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted organic radicals selected from alkyls having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, aryls having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and alkaryls and aralkyls having 7 to 25 carbon atoms.

12. The cell of claim 11 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted organic radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyls having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and phenyl.

13. The cell of claim 7 wherein about 2 to about 50 grams of compound are used per 100 grams of aprotic organic solvent.

14. The cell of claim 1 wherein said alkali metal-containing anode contains an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium.

15. The cell of claim 14 wherein said solid cathode is a chalcogenide.

16. The cell of claim 15 wherein said electrolyte contains one or more closoborane compounds.

17. The cell of claim 16 wherein said variable X is selected from the group consisting of H, F and Cl.

18. The cell of claim 16 wherein said variable n is an integer from 8 to 12.

19. The cell of claim 16 wherein said variable X is selected from the group consisting of H and Cl, and said variable n is an integer from 10 to 12.

20. The cell of claim 16 wherein about 5 to about 30 grams of compound are used per 100 grams of aprotic organic solvent.

21. The cell of claim 15 wherein said electrolyte contains one or more closocarborane compounds.

22. The cell of claim 21 wherein the variable R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted organic radicals selected from alkyls having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryls having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and alkaryls and aralkyls having 7 to 50 carbon atoms, hydrogen and the halogens.

23. The cell of claim 22 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the halogens.

24. The cell of claim 23 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, F and Cl.

25. The cell of claim 24 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted organic radicals selected from alkyls having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, aryls having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and alkaryls and aralkyls having 7 to 25 carbon atoms.

26. The cell of claim 25 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted organic radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyls having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and phenyl.

27. The cell of claim 21 wherein about 5 to about 30 grams of compound are used per 100 grams of aprotic organic solvent.

28. The cell of claim 15 wherein said alkali meta-containing anode contains lithium.

29. The cell of claim 28 wherein said electrolyte contains one or more closoborane compounds.

30. The cell of claim 29 wherein said variable X is selected from the group consisting of H, F and Cl.

31. The cell of claim 29 wherein said variable n is an integer from 8 to 12.

32. The cell of claim 29 wherein said variable X is selected from the group consisting of H and Cl, and said variable n is an integer from 10 to 12.

33. The cell of claim 29 wherein about 5 to about 30 grams of compound are used per 100 grams of aprotic organic solvent.

34. The cell of claim 28 wherein said electrolyte contains one or more closocarborane compounds.

35. The cell of claim 34 wherein the variable R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted organic radicals selected from alkyls having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryls having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and alkaryls and aralkyls having 7 to 50 carbon atoms, hydrogen and the halogens.

36. The cell of claim 35 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the halogens.

37. The cell of claim 36 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, F and Cl.

38. The cell of claim 37 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted organic radicals selected from alkyls having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, aryls having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and alkaryls and aralkyls having 7 to 25 carbon atoms.

39. The cell of claim 38 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of inertly substituted and unsubstituted organic radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyls having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and phenyl.

40. The cell of claim 34 wherein about 5 to about 30 grams of compound are used per 100 grams of aprotic organic solvent.

41. The cell of claim 1 wherein said aprotic organic solvent is an ether.

42. The cell of claim 41 wherein said chelating agent is a chelating ether.

43. The cell of claim 42 wherein said aprotic organic solvet is dioxolane, wherein said chelating agent is dimethoxyethane, said anode contains lithium and wherein said cathode contains chalcogenide cathode-active material.

44. The cell of claim 43 wherein said chalcogenide is selected from the group consisting of sulfides of titanium, molybdenum and vanadium.