Portable hepatic-assist method and apparatus for same

• US 4,209,392 A
• Filed: 05/15/1978
• Issued: 06/24/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 05/15/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Richard A. Wallace
• Original Assignee: Richard A. Wallace
• Inventors: Wallace, Richard A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wyse, Thomas G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sadowski, David R.
• Application Number:
  US05/905,956
• Time in Patent Office: 771 Days
• Field of Search: 210/23 F, 210/321 B, 210/321 A, 210/416 M, 210/DIG. 23, 210/27, 210/38 R, 210/40, 210/22, 210/266, 210/257 M, 210/314, 210/74, 128/DIG. 3
• US Class Current: 210/646
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1696 with dialysate regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3427 back through the membrane, e.g. by inverted trans-membrane pressure [TMP]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3486 Biological, chemical treatment, e.g. chemical precipitation; treatment by absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3669 Electrical impedance measurement of body fluids; transducers specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/331 used as turbidity change detectors, e.g. for priming-blood or plasma-hemoglubine-interface detection
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 15/00 Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents using liquid sorbents B01D11/00; ion exchange processes or materials, sorbent materials in general B01J, e.g. sorbents for chromatography B01J20/281; for investigating or analysing materials G01N30/00; Apparatus therefor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/03 Heart-lung
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 210/929 Hemoultrafiltrate volume measurement or control processes

Abstract

Portable hepatic-assist closed loop method and apparatus utilizing hemofiltration membrane and sterilizable disposable sorbents cartridge for adsorption of hepatic toxins.

Claims

1. A process for removing hepatic toxins from blood comprising forming a hemofiltrate by passing the blood adjacent to microporous membranes having an average pore diameter of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 micron, and causing a pressure differential across said membranes such that a fluid portion of the blood containing substantially all hepatic toxins passes through the membranes, thereby forming a hemofiltrate, and contacting said hemofiltrate with a sterilizable 16-50 mesh sorbents mixture consisting essentially of activated charcoal and a pre-equilibrated strong acid cation-exchange resin in mixed sodium, calcium and potassium forms, the sorbents mixture containing by weight, 20-70% activated charcoal, 25-85% cation-exchange resin and 0-30% by weight aluminum oxide, and the cation-exchange resin containing, by weight, 10-35% in the sodium form, 15-40% in the calcium form and 1-10% in the potassium form.

3. The process of claims 1 or 2 wherein the microporous membranes are made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, cellulose, triacetate, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene and polysulfone.

2. A process for removing hepatic toxins from blood comprising forming a hemofiltrate by passing the blood adjacent to microporous membranes having an average pore diameter of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 micron, and causing a pressure differential across said membranes such that a fluid portion of the blood containing substantially all hepatic toxins passes through the membranes, thereby forming a hemofiltrate, contacting said hemofiltrate with a sterilizable sorbents mixture consisting essentially of activated charcoal and a pre-equilibrated strong acid cation-exchange resin in mixed sodium, calcium and potassium forms, the sorbents mixture containing, by weight, 20-70% activated charcoal, 25-85% cation-exchange resin and 0-30% by weight aluminum oxide, and the cation-exchange resin containing, by weight, 10-35% in the sodium form, 15-40% in the calcium form and 1-10% in the potassium form, diluting said hemofiltrate with a volume of physiological salts solution of between 3 and 6 liters, and continuously recycling said diluted hemofiltrate adjacent said membranes and through said sorbents mixture.

4. A closed loop portable hepatic-assist apparatus comprising, in combination:

(a) first conduit means for coupling a human artery to plasma separator means;

(b) plasma separator means comprising a series of microporous membranes having an average pore diameter of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 micron, which, under the influence of sufficent transmembrane pressure, will permit passage of a fluid portion of arterial blood containing substantially all hepatic toxins, thereby forming a hemofiltrate, and not permit passage of the remainder of said blood;

(c) first pump means and said plasma separator means for pumping arterial blood to said plasma separator means;

(d) second conduit means for returning the remainder of said blood which does not pass said microporous membranes to a human vein;

(e) sterilizable sorbents contacting means for contacting said hemofiltrate and adsorbing hepatic toxins, thereby forming a detoxified hemofiltrate comprising containing means for containing a 16-50 mesh sorbents mixture of activated charcoal and pre-equilibrated strong acid cation-exchange resin in mixed sodium, potassium and calcium forms, said sorbents mixture containing, by weight, 20-70% activated charcoal, 25-85% cation-exchange resin and 0-30% by weight aluminum oxide, and the cation-exchange resin containing, by weight, 10-35% in the sodium form, 15-40% in the calcium form and 1-10% in the potassium form;

(f) third conduit means for conveying said hemofiltrate to said sorbents contacting means;

(g) first regulator means for controlling the flow of said detoxified hemofiltrate;

(h) filtering means for removing bacteria, pyrogens and submicron particulates from said detoxified hemofiltrate;

(i) reservoir means for receiving said detoxified hemofiltrate;

(j) second pump means for pumping said detoxified hemofiltrate from the plasma separator means to the detoxified hemofiltrate reservoir means via said third conduit means, said sorbents contacting means, said first regulator means and said filtering means;

(k) fourth conduit means for conveying said detoxified hemofiltrate from said reservoir means to said second conduit means; and

(l) second regulator means disposed within said fourth conduit means for controlling the flow of said detoxified hemofiltrate from said reservoir means to said second conduit means.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 or 5 wherein the containing means of the sorbents contacting means comprises helically-wound hollow tubing.

7. The apparatus of claims 4 or 5 wherein the reservoir means has a volumetric index to indicate the volume of fluid removed from the arterial blood.

8. The apparatus of claims 4 or 5 wherein the total fluid volume capacity of the apparatus is from 4-8 liters.

5. A closed-loop portable hepatic-assist apparatus comprising, in combination:

(a) first conduit means for coupling a human artery to plasma separator means;

(b) plasma separator means comprising a series of microporous membranes having an average pore diameter of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 micron, which, under the influence of sufficient transmembrane pressure, will permit passage of a fluid portion of arterial blood containing substantially all hepatic toxins, thereby forming a hemofiltrate, and not permit passage of the remainder of said blood;

(c) first pump means disposed between said first conduit means and sid plasma separator means for pumping arterial blood to said plasma separator means;

(d) second conduit means for returning the remainder of said blood which does not pass said microporous membranes to a human vein;

(e) sterilizable sorbents contacting means for contacting said hemofiltrate and adsorbing hepatic toxins, thereby forming a detoxified hemofiltrate 16-50 mesh sorbents mixture of activated charcoal and pre-equilibrated strong acid cation-exchange resin in mixed sodium, potassium and calcium forms, said sorbents mixture containing, by weight, 20-70% activated charcoal, 25-85% cation-exchange resin and 0-30% by weight aluminum oxide, and the cation-exchange resin containing, by weight, 10-35% in the sodium form, 15-40% in the calcium form and 1-10% in the potassium form;

(f) third conduit means for conveying said hemofiltrate to said sorbents contacting means;

(g) first regulator means for controlling the flow of said detoxified hemofiltrate;

(h) filtering means for removing particulates from said detoxified hemofiltrate;

(i) reservoir means for containing a physiological salts solution and for receiving sid detoxified hemofiltrate;

(j) second pump means for pumping said detoxified hemofiltrate from the plasma separator means to the detoxified hemofiltrate reservoir means via said third conduit means, said sorbents contacting means, said first regulator means and said filtering means;

(k) fourth conduit means for returning said detoxified hemofiltrate and said physiological salts solution from said reservoir means to said plasma separator means; and

(l) second regulator means disposed within said fourth conduit means for controlling the flow of said detoxified hemofiltrate and said physiological salts solution from said reservoir means to said plasma separator means.